应用生态位理论,以北京山区森林资源为研究对象,分析优势林分的空间分布及其资源利用和环境适应能力的差异。基于GIS方法,建立优势林分空间分布数据库以及资源梯度信息数据库,分别采用Levins公式和Smith公式,在水分、热量、光照和土壤质量4维环境因子梯度上测定了研究区8个优势林分的生态位宽度,采用Pianka公式测定生态位重叠。结果表明:Smith公式考虑资源可利用性,得到的生态位宽度更能客观地反映优势林分资源空间利用程度;研究区各优势林分重叠度普遍较大,反映了对环境要求的相似性及资源共享的趋势性。
Taking forest resources in the mountainous area of Beijing as the researching object, spatial distribution, resources utilization and adaptive capacity to environment of the eight dominant forests were studied by applying niche analysis.Environmental factors of forest, such as precipitation, sunshine, cumulative temperature and soil quality, were partitioned to five resources gradients.Based on geographic information systems, spatial databases were built for the distribution information of dominant forests and resources gradients of environmental factors.Niche breadths and niche overlaps of eight dominant forests growing on the five gradients of different resources dimensions in the mountainous area of Beijing were measured using Levins and Smith’s indexes and Pianka’s method.The results show that resources availability influences niche matrices greatly.Niche breadths calculated by Smith’s formula which considers resources availability and distribution indicate the capacities of resources utilization and environmental adaptation effectively.Niche overlap between two forests with broad niche breadth is usually great.The average niche overlaps among dominant forests in the study area are widely high, which indicates that the eight dominant forests require similar environmental conditions and resources sharing.
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