扎龙湿地水质净化机理分析
作者简介:李红艳(1982-),女,辽宁省辽阳人,博士研究生,主要从事水文水资源及水环境保护的研究。E-mail:563-li@163.com
收稿日期: 2011-03-04
要求修回日期: 2011-06-03
网络出版日期: 2012-01-20
基金资助
中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX2-YW-Q06-2, KZCX2-YW-126)资助
Water Purification Mechanism of Zhalong Wetland
Received date: 2011-03-04
Request revised date: 2011-06-03
Online published: 2012-01-20
Copyright
李红艳 , 章光新 , 李绪谦 , 高蕊 , 邓春暖 . 扎龙湿地水质净化机理分析[J]. 地理科学, 2012 , 32(1) : 87 -93 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.01.87
Environmental pollution degradation and water purification are the major function of wetland. This article analyzes the water field characteristics and researches the water quality by field investigation and water quality monitoring. based on the theory of chemical thermodynamics and systematic analytic method,analyzes the relationship between water purification mechanism of Zhalong Wetland and the formation of water chemistry. The result indicates that the major mechanism of water purification of Zhalong Wetland is adsorption precipitation, plant uptake, biodegradation and denitrification, and the purification ability is highly related to chemical condition of solution, geological characteristics of wetland, chemical cycle and biological effect. And the NH4+ entered in the wetland was removed by the adsorption of clay, which reduced the concentration of TN and NO3- in the center of wetland. The concentration of Ca2+, NH4+ in the peripheral of wetland decreased with the direction of runoff, while the concentration of Na+ increased with the runoff direction. Carbonate balance play an important role in the formation and characteristics of pollutant migration. Stable pH value controlled the existence formation of pollutants and the direction and strength of its migration, and controlled the existence formation, migration and transformation of inorganic phosphorus. The existence formation of phosphorus in the low content of neutral and alkaline water was HPO42- and H2PO4-. The content of organic nitrogen is higher in sewage. The main transformation mechanism is biochemical effect and the reaction product is NH4+. Due to NH4+ is susceptible to be adsorption or absorbed by soil and biology, so it is lower in the water. Zhalong Wetland purified TP, NH4-N, CODcr and suspended matter with the rates higher than 90% and purified TN, NO3-N with the rates higher than 75%. The water purification function restores the natural ecosystem remarkably. The regulation of condition of water environment can extremely improved the ability of the wetland’s water purification, and the power of water environment control.
Fig.1 Distribution of Zhalong wetland and sampling sites图1 扎龙自然保护区取样样点分布 |
Table 1 The test result of water quality of Zhalong wetland表 1 扎龙湿地水质浓度测试结果 |
NUM | pH | Eh | DO | CODCr | TN | TP | NO3-N | NH4-N | PO43- |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mv) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | ||
W1 | 7.73 | 134.85 | 2.22 | 18.13 | 1.70 | 0.097 | 0.416 | 0.115 | 0.046 |
W2 | 8.42 | 558.82 | 6.43 | 25.54 | 1.87 | 0.110 | 0.005 | 0.075 | 0.045 |
W3 | 10.38 | 525.21 | 6.19 | 24.14 | 0.85 | 0.034 | 0.005 | 0.035 | 0.005 |
W4 | 8.75 | 504.32 | 5.91 | 57.39 | 1.52 | 0.062 | 0.005 | 0.090 | 0.025 |
W5 | 6.23 | 74.85 | 0.97 | 87.14 | 2.48 | 0.319 | 0.013 | 0.180 | 0.290 |
W6 | 7.29 | -49.11 | 0.28 | 449.22 | 7.84 | 0.881 | 0.096 | 0.374 | 0.147 |
W7 | 8.43 | 612.6 | 7.0 | 33.45 | 1.35 | 0.072 | 0.011 | 0.009 | 0.013 |
W8 | 7.94 | 376.69 | 7.66 | 15.22 | 2.23 | 0.105 | 0.065 | 0.142 | 0.045 |
W9 | 8.54 | 670.59 | 7.49 | 33.65 | 1.09 | 0.025 | 0.014 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
W10 | 7.68 | 487.46 | 5.80 | 39.26 | 0.90 | 0.028 | 0.025 | 0.010 | 0.005 |
W11 | 8.24 | 380.00 | 4.73 | 13.00 | 1.20 | 0.063 | 0.258 | 0.091 | 0.031 |
W12 | 7.93 | 446.27 | 5.34 | 57.09 | 2.32 | 0.135 | 0.616 | 0.169 | 0.107 |
W13 | 7.94 | 785.80 | 8.67 | 66.11 | 1.46 | 0.021 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
W14 | 8.44 | 734.91 | 8.12 | 49.58 | 1.06 | 0.035 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
W15 | 7.90 | 718.34 | 8.20 | 17.46 | 1.83 | 0.050 | 0.112 | 0.050 | 0.010 |
W16 | 8.82 | 569.82 | 6.50 | 12.58 | 2.40 | 0.060 | 0.071 | 0.073 | 0.025 |
W17 | 8.02 | 667.75 | 7.60 | 16.52 | 2.04 | 0.067 | 0.115 | 0.057 | 0.020 |
W18 | 8.30 | 816.57 | 9.20 | 8.47 | 1.17 | 0.010 | 0.094 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
W19 | 7.94 | 717.51 | 8.15 | 14.78 | 1.62 | 0.137 | 0.070 | 0.015 | 0.070 |
W20 | 8.62 | 769.23 | 8.41 | 14.91 | 2.04 | 0.115 | 0.123 | 0.056 | 0.037 |
W21 | 8.74 | 773.31 | 8.41 | 16.77 | 1.28 | 0.055 | 0.123 | 0.024 | 0.017 |
W22 | 9.20 | 802.37 | 8.70 | 14.32 | 1.44 | 0.021 | 0.081 | 0.020 | 0.005 |
W23 | 8.90 | 734.73 | 8.01 | 17.19 | 0.78 | 0.021 | 0.100 | 0.046 | 0.005 |
Table 2 Hydrochemistry environment of Zhalong wetland (unit:mg/L)表2 扎龙湿地水化学环境 (mg/L) |
K+ | Na+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | Cl- | SO42- | HCO3- | 总硬度 | 矿化度 | 悬浮颗粒 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值 | 4.21 | 35.00 | 35.50 | 14.99 | 27.72 | 62.07 | 274.81 | 50.49 | 318.34 | 278.5 |
最大值 | 11.9 | 126.4 | 80.3 | 34.41 | 174.5 | 372.0 | 673.44 | 300 | 842.95 | 1192.0 |
最小值 | 2.8 | 16.2 | 10.7 | 5.46 | 1.1 | 10.5 | 76.13 | 50 | 106.865 | 18 |
Fig.2 Spatial variation of concentration of main water quality indexes图2 湿地主要水质指标浓度空间分布 |
Table 3 The water electronic activity s of Zhalong wetland表 3 扎龙湿地水中电子活度分布特征 |
NUM | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 | W11 | W12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pE | 2.279 | 9.444 | 8.876 | 8.523 | 1.265 | -0.83 | 10.353 | 6.366 | 11.333 | 8.238 | 6.422 | 7.542 |
NUM | W13 | W14 | W15 | W16 | W17 | W18 | W19 | W20 | W21 | W22 | W23 | |
pE | 13.28 | 12.42 | 12.14 | 9.63 | 11.285 | 13.8 | 12.126 | 13 | 13.069 | 13.56 | 12.417 |
Table 4 Water quality purification mechanism and function of Zhalong wetland表 4 扎龙湿地水质净化机理及净化方式 |
污染物 | 形态或种类 | 主要净化机理 | 净化方式 |
---|---|---|---|
氮 | 有机氮 | 氨化作用→NH4+ | 矿化 |
无机氮 (NH4+、NO2-、NO3-) | 表层:NH4+的硝化作用;藻类的同化作用 底层:NO2-、NO3-反硝化作用→N2、N2O; 芦苇植物吸收作用; 边缘带:NH4+的吸附作用。 | 转化 转化去除 吸收 固定 | |
磷 | 有机磷 | O2参加下的矿化作用 | 矿化 |
无机磷 | 表层:光的作用下,藻类的同化作用; 底层:芦苇等植物吸收作用; 边缘带:难溶磷酸盐沉淀作用、颗粒物吸附作用。 | 生物吸收 吸收 固定 | |
悬浮颗粒物 | 降尘、无机、有机悬浮颗粒物 | 絮凝沉淀 | 固定 |
Table 5 The purification effect of contamination of Zhalong wetland (unit:mg/L)表 5 扎龙湿地水质净化效果 (mg/L) |
项目 | TN | TP | NO3--N | NH4+-N | CODCr | 悬浮物 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
排污口 | 7.84 | 0.881 | 0.096 | 0.374 | 449.22 | 1192.0 |
湿地下游 | 1.09 | 0.025 | 0.014 | 0.005 | 33.65 | 19.0 |
净化率(%) | 78.9 | 90.8 | 85.4 | 98.7 | 96.7 | 98.4 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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