基于GIS的4 ka B.P.气候事件前后甘青史前遗址分布分析
作者简介:侯光良(1972-),男,青海大通人,博士,副教授,主要从事环境演变及其人类响应研究。E-mail:hgl20@163.com
收稿日期: 2010-10-18
要求修回日期: 2011-08-18
网络出版日期: 2012-01-20
基金资助
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(10YJCZH041)、国家自然科学基金(41161018)项目资助
Comparative Analysis of Prehistoric Sites Distribution Around 4 ka B.P. in Gansu-Qinghai Region Based on GIS
Received date: 2010-10-18
Request revised date: 2011-08-18
Online published: 2012-01-20
Copyright
甘青地区齐家文化较前期的马家窑分布北界南缩,整体海拔变低,是对4 ka B.P.事件中气候干旱和气温降低的响应。齐家遗址较马家窑分布更为稀疏,遗址最短距离变大,对河流的依赖性降低,这一变化与齐家文化时期畜牧业比重的增加相关。密度分析表明4 ka B.P.前后,马家窑聚落的单核心凝聚模式演变为齐家的多核心模式,极端气候事件使得农业生产能力和资源状况恶化,部落间战争频发,战争可能对父权制度的形成和冶炼技术的进步产生了一定的促进作用,在一定程度上导致甘青史前社会向复杂化发展。
关键词: 甘青地区; 4 ka B.P.前后; 遗址分布变化
侯光良 , 许长军 , 肖景义 . 基于GIS的4 ka B.P.气候事件前后甘青史前遗址分布分析[J]. 地理科学, 2012 , 32(1) : 116 -120 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.01.116
In Gansu-Qinghai Region, compared with the previous Majiayao culture, the distribution of Qijia culture’s northern boundary trended south and the overall elevation lowered, which is the response to 4 200 a B.P. extreme events of arid climate and temperature drop. Distribution of Qijia culture sites are sparser than Majiayao, the shortest distance between sites become larger and the dependence on the river reduced, which shows that animal husbandry came into being during the period of Qijia culture. Density analysis showed that Majiayao single-core condensed settlement model evolved into Qijia′s multi-core model around 4 ka B.P.,and it implies that Qijia community splited into several tribal groups .Extreme weather events caused the agricultural productivity decrease , resource deterioration and frequent inter-tribal war, which stimulated the formation of patriarchy and progress of smelting technology. So extreme weather events around 4 200 a B.P. promoted the production of animal husbandry, the establishment of patriarchy and the generation of smelting technology, eventually make the Gansu-Qinghai prehistoric society complicated and organized.
Fig.1 Changes of temperature and precipitation in event around 4 ka B.P.图1 4 ka B.P.事件中降水和温度的变化 |
Fig.2 Distribution of culture sites of Majiayao and Qijia in Gansu-Qinghai Region图2 甘青地区马家窑和齐家文化遗址分布 |
Fig.3 Density of culture sites of Majiayao and Qijia in Gansu-Qinghai Region图3 甘青地区马家窑和齐家文化遗址密度 |
Fig.4 The impact model of climate events in 4 000 a B.P. on the prehistoric culture in Gansu-Qinghai Region图4 4 ka B.P.气候事件对甘青史前文化的影响模式 |
Table 1 The proportion of prehistoric sites in the buffers of rivers表1 各河流缓冲区史前遗址所占比例 |
1 km缓冲 | 1~2 km缓冲 | 2~3 km缓冲 | 3~5 km缓冲 | 5 km缓冲 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
马家窑遗址数(%) | 11.97 | 11.86 | 9.87 | 12.53 | 46.2 |
齐家遗址数(%) | 9.03 | 7.78 | 10.04 | 21.08 | 47.9 |
Fig.5 The relationship between distribution of culture sites of Majiayao and Qijia and rivers in Gansu-Qinghai Region图5 甘青地区马家窑和齐家文化遗址与河流的关系 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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