新文化地理学是英国一批文化地理学者在1980年代建立起来的知识体系。它与传统文化地理学有所不同,区别之一在于是否关注电影、文学作品、绘画等文本所再现的地方性。近年在英美文化地理学的核心刊物中,许多文章研究了由文本再现出来的地方性。地方性是文化地理学最主要的研究议题之一,它是文化地理学与其他人文地理学分支结合的关键概念。梳理这些文章,旨在归纳出文本在地方性形成中所起的作用。分析结论如下:① 文本可以通过再现3种内容来建构地方性:当地的景观、日常生活实践和业已消失的文化;② 文本再现地方性的机制多来自人们的意识形态需要,"我"与"他者"的精神诉求不同,再现的地方性也不同;③ 文本的再现对地方性既会有强化作用,也会有削弱作用。归纳出这种三种结论后,尚需要进一步讨论如下问题:在地方性的形成中,文本的作用是否是或缺的。如果不是或缺的,而是必须的,那么文化地理学者则必须研究文本中再现的地方性。
Place is one of core concepts of cultural geography. Placeness is the distinctivity of place. Many cultural geographers lay emphasis on the emotional significance of place for subject since the 1970s. New cultural geography is a knowledge system established by a group of British cultural geographers in the 1980s. New cultural geography concernes about place representation by films, literature, paintings and other kinds of text, however, traditional cultural geography does not pay attention to this. The placeness is the join point that cultural geography binding other subdisciplines of human geography. In recent years, many articles in core journals of cultural geography studied placeness represented in text. Cultural geographers can read the understanding of different creative subjects to space and place, such as directors, screenwriter, artists, writers, poets and so on. This article cards some literature in order to summarize the role of text in place construction. Some conclusions come out. 1) Texts construct placeness by representing three kinds of contents, which are local existing landscapes, everyday life practice and lost elements in local culture. The representation of landscapes in text is more vivid than that of the other two. Daily practices recorded into texts are handed down more easily than that of oral form. Lost culture of place can be saved by text. 2) The mechanism of place representation by text comes from people’s ideological needs. SELF and OTHER have different spiritual pursuits such as loving their hometown, longing for a place far away from home and so on when they represent place. So the representations of a place in texts are different. 3) Text representation of a place can not only strengthen the placeness, but also weaken the placeness. If the authors of some texts have respected subjects and history of place, their works can reinforce placeness. However, if the authors of some texts are outsiders of place and their representation of place is selective and not completely true, their texts weaken the placeness. This article leads to a question for further discussion whether text is necessary in placeness construction. If it is, cultural geographers have to study the placeness represented in all kinds of text. The authors think that placeness only represented in the form of text can be shared by people of place.
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