可持续发展和转型是中国诸多工矿资源型城市面临的迫切问题。在企业家型城市的理论视角下,对"钢城"马鞍山的成功转型进行理论和实证研究。研究发现,城市定位与时俱进是马鞍山成功转型的关键,它为马鞍山的城市转型提供了旗帜和方向。在转型中,马鞍山通过实施传统钢铁改造升级、城市空间"南进"、"东扩"战略与园林城市建设等企业家型政府的行动,在城市中创造了新的工业空间、新的消费空间,并改善了城市人居环境。此外,通过实施制度创新战略,在城市内部进行了行政区划调整,在区域层面则实施了积极的区域一体化战略,加强与更大区域的合作,提高了城市综合竞争力。马鞍山的成功转型经验可为其他类似工矿资源型城市提供启示和参考价值。
Maanshan, a city based on the iron resource and industry in China, is one of the cities which have achieved a successful transformation. Maanshan has established a development idea with less dependence on its iron and steel industry since the mid 1990’s. A lot of strategies and actions have been done to obtain a sustainable development of Maanshan. This study examines Mananshan’s successful transition and restructuring from the perspective of entrepreneurial city theory, focusing on its entrepreneurial discourse, entrepreneurial fashion and entrepreneurial institutional innovation.The first key reason for Maanshan’s successful transition is that the city’s designated functions have being advanced with the times. After experienced as "medium-sized iron and steel corporation" in original and "iron and steel industrial city" in 1980’s and the early 1990’s, the designated functions of Maanshan have been publicized as "the Yangtze River region's important manufacturing city and a riverside garden city for residents and visitors" after 1996. This up to date designated functions are considered as an entrepreneurial discourse by this paper. It has not only guided the city’s transition to a specific direction, but also marketed the city to the world. Secondly, an important reason for Maanshan’s successful transition lies in its municipality’s actions full of entrepreneurial fashion. For carrying out the city’s designated functions, the municipality has done lots of tangible actions, including the transformation and upgrading of traditional iron and steel industry, the production of new industrial space and new consumption space, and the improvement of living environment. By these positive actions, Maanshan has transformed from a productive city to an integrated city.Last but not least reason for Maanshan’s successful transition is its strategies in entrepreneurial institutional innovation. Interscalar strategies have been adopted by Maanshan to create a better institutional environment for innovation. At the inner city scale, Maanshan has reorganized its administrative boundaries to implement the actions of producing new spaces. While at the regional scale, Maanshan has taken positive regionalization strategies, that is, to strengthen its co-operation with the Yangtze River Delta and the Nanjing Metropolitan Area to enhance its competitiveness.In summary,this paper accounts that Maanshan’s successful transition is based on the entrepreneurial city strategy. Entrepreneurial discourse, municipality’s entrepreneurial fashion and the entrepreneurial institutional innovation are the three main points in the progress. The experiences of Maanshan will shed light on other mineral resources and industrial cities’transition in China. And through the research of Maanshan’s transition, this paper also enriches entrepreneurial city theory with empirical study of urban in China.
[1] 邓 伟,张平宇,张 柏.东北区域发展报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[2] Wei Y H D. Decentralization, marketization and globalization: The triple processes influencing regional development in China[J]. Asian Geographer, 2001, 20(1&2):7-23.
[3] Jessop B, Sum N L. An entrepreneurial city in action: Hong Kong's emerging strategies in and for (inter)urban competition[J]. Urban Studies, 2000, 37(12):2287-2313.
[4] Wu F. The (post-) socialist entrepreneurial city as a state project: Shanghai's reglobalisation in question[J]. Urban Studies, 2003,40(9):1673-1698.
[5] 沈建法.全球化世界中的城市竞争与城市管治[J].城市规划, 2001, 25(9):34~37.
[6] 薛凤旋.澳门发展路向:企业家型城市[J].经济地理, 2002, 22(3):314~316.
[7] 张京祥,殷 洁,罗小龙.地方政府企业化主导下的城市空间发展与演化研究[J].人文地理,2006,21(4):1~6.
[8] 韦 伟.迈向和谐的马鞍山[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007.
[9] 马鞍山市统计局.2008年马鞍山市国民经济和社会发展统计公报.马鞍山:马鞍山市统计局,2009.
[10] 程叶青.矿业区域矿产资源开发与经济持续发展研究[J].资源科学,2004,26(6):131~136.
[11] 马钢志编纂委员会.马钢志(1911~2000)[M].北京:方志出版社,2004.
[12] 马鞍山统计局.2008马鞍山统计年鉴[M].北京:年鉴出版社,2008.
[13] 马鞍山地方志编纂委员会.马鞍山市志(1949~1987)[M].合肥:黄山出版社,1992.
[14] 马钢志编纂委员会.马钢年鉴2005[M].北京:方志出版社,2005.
[15] 马钢志编纂委员会.马钢年鉴2006[M].北京:方志出版社,2006.
[16] 马鞍山环境保护局. 2007年马鞍山城市环境状况公报.马鞍山:马鞍山环境保护局,2008.
[17] 罗小龙,沈建法,陈 雯.新区域主义视角下的管治尺度构建:以南京都市圈建设为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,(7):603~608.