采用统计分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法,结合GIS技术研究环渤海低平原微咸水区土壤盐渍化特征,并探讨盐分剖面类型和分布状况。结果表明:0~5cm表层土壤盐分属于强变异强度,5~60cm各土层盐分属于中等变异强度。土壤盐分变量的全部信息可由盐渍化、碱化、区域地下水埋深和矿化度、K+等5个主成分反映,其累计贡献率达87.88%。土壤盐分剖面分为表聚型、底聚型和中聚型,在环渤海低平原区的面积比例基本一致,约各占1/3。
Aiming to characterize soil salinization, soil salinity profile types and distribution in the low plain around the Bohai Sea, soil samples were collected from 127 sites in the plain in this study. Soil samples in each site were taken from 0 cm to 60 cm in 5-cm or 10-cm increment, and soil salinity of each soil sample was analyzed based on the statistical method, principle component analysis method, hierarchical cluster analysis method and GIS technique. The results showed that the variations of soil salinity in the surface layer belonged to highly variation degree, soil salinity in other layers belonged to moderate variation degree in horizontal direction, while in the vertical direction, their differences are small. Soil salinity could be influenced by 5 principle components which were soil salinizaiton (principle component 1), soil alkalization (principle component 2), total regional dissolved soild, groundwater level (principle component 3, 5), source of kalium (principle component 4), and the cumulative contribution of these principle components added up to 87.88%. Hierarchical cluster analysis results indicated that salinity profile could be classified into 3 types, i.e. the top enrichment, the bottom enrichment and the middle enrichment. The percentage of each soil salinity profile type is almost equal, about 1/3. The top enrichment profile type is mostly distributed in the east coastal plain, the bottom enrichment profile type is mainly located in the inland low plain, while the middle enrichment profile type is distributed as map patches irregularly. Top enrichment profile type is the salinity accumulated state, on the contrary, the bottom enrichment profile is the desalinated state, while the middle enrichment profile type is the transitional sate between accumulation and desalination. The distributon patterns of salinity profile types reflected the effect of many factors to some extent.
[1] Cetin M,Kirda C.Spatial and temporal changes of soil salinity in a cotton field irrigated with low-quality water[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,272(1-4):238-249.
[2] Singh R B,Chauhan C P S,Minhas P S.Water production functions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) irrigated with saline and alkali waters using double-line source sprinkler system[J].Agricultural Water Management,2009,96(5):736-744.
[3] Corwin D L,Lesch S M,Oster J D,et al.Monitoring management-induced spatio-temporal changes in soil quality through soil sampling directed by apparent electrical conductivity[J].Geoderma,2006,131(3-4):369-387.
[4] 宋长春,阎百兴,宋新山.电磁技术在苏打盐渍化土壤研究中的应用[J].地理科学,2002,22(1):91~95.
[5] Gowing J W,Rose D A,Ghamarnia H.The effect of salinity on water productivity of wheat under deficit irrigation above shallow groundwater[J].Agricultural water management,2009,96(3):517-524.
[6] Jozefaciuk G,Toth T,Szendrei G.Surface and micropore properties of saline soil profiles[J].Geoderma,2006,135:1-15.
[7] Barnard J H,Rensburg L D,Bennie A T.Leaching irrigated saline sandy to sandy loam apedal soils with water of a constant salinity[J].Irrigation Science,2010,28(2):191-201.
[8] Merry R H,Spouncer L R,Fitzpatrick R W,et al.Regional prediction of soil profiles acidity and alkalinity[M]//McVicar T R,Li Rui,Walker J,et al(eds).Regional water and soil assessment for manageing sustainable agriculture in China and Australia. ACIAR Monograph,2002,84:155-164.
[9] 姚荣江,杨劲松.黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化特征及其剖面类型分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(11):106~112.
[10] 姚荣江,杨劲松,姜 龙,等.基于聚类分析的土壤盐渍剖面特征及其空间分布研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(1):56~65.
[11] 刘庆生,刘高焕,范晓梅.黄河三角洲土壤盐分剖面类型时空分布研究[J].山东农业科学,2010,1:57~62.
[12] 李韵珠.区域土壤盐渍化状态分析[J].土壤肥料,1992,5:8~11.
[13] 白由路,李保国.黄淮海平原土壤盐渍化状况的数值分类[J].土壤通报,2001,32(增刊): 8~13.
[14] 刘延锋,靳孟贵,金英春,等.焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化状况的主成分分析[J].干旱区农业研究,2004, 22(1):165~171.
[15] Qiu J.China faces up to groundwater crisis[J].Nature,2010, 466(308):doi:1038/466308a.
[16] 石元春,贾大林.黄淮海平原农业图集[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1998.
[17] 山东农学院.作物栽培学(北方本)上册[M].北京:农业出版社,1995.
[18] 杨莉琳,胡春胜.太行山山前平原高产区精准施肥指标体系研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(2):71~75.
[19] 于利鹏,黄冠华,刘海军,等.喷灌冬小麦耗水与棵间蒸发试验[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(9): 3179~3186.
[20] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,1999.
[21] 雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[22] 王遵亲,祝寿泉,俞仁培.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[23] Pang H C,Li Y Y,Yang J S,et al.Effect of brackish water irrigation and straw mulching on soil salinity and crop yields under monssonal climatic conditions[J].Agricultural Water Management,2009,doi: 10.1016/j.agwat. 2009.08.020.
[24] Ma W,Mao Z,Yu Z,et al.Effects of saline water irrigation on soil salinity and yield of winter wheat-maize in North China Plain[J].Irrigation and Drainage Systems,2008,22(1):3-18.
[25] 周在明,张光辉,王金哲,等.环渤海微咸水区土壤盐分及盐渍化程度的空间格局[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(10):15~20.
[26] 刘贤赵,张定安,李嘉竹.地理学数学方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[27] 张祖陆,王 琳.莱州湾南岸咸水入侵区土地利用/覆被变化驱动机理研究[J].地理科学,2007,27(1):40~44.
[28] 许朋柱,秦伯强,香 宝,等.区域农业用地营养盐剩余量的长期变化研究[J].地理科学,2006,26(6):668~673.
[29] 王学全,高前兆,卢 琦,等.内蒙古河套灌区水盐平衡与干排水脱盐分析[J].地理科学,2006,26(4):455~460.
[30] 宋长春,邓 伟.吉林西部地下水特征及其与土壤盐渍化的关系[J].地理科学,2000,20 (3):246~250.
[31] 杨劲松,姚荣江.黄河三角洲地区土壤水盐空间变异特征研究[J].地理科学,2007,27(3):348~353.
