依据1960~2009年秦岭南北地区60个气象站数据,主要应用M-K突变检验、kriging插值法对秦岭南北地区近50a来年平均气温,年极端最高、最低气温的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果显示:①年均气温和极端最高、最低气温的气候倾向率关系为陕南<关中<全国、关中<全国<陕南、陕南≈关中<全国。②秦岭南北地区年均气温突变年份均为1997年,晚于全国;年极端最高温度突变都不显著,年极端最低气温的突变年份都为1978年。③年均气温和极端最低气温的空间分布为南高北低,沿纬向分布;极端最高气温为东高西低,呈经向分布。

With global climate warming, the research on regional extreme climate change has remarkable significance. This paper, based on the meterological data of the 60 stations in Qinling Mountains, analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of average, extreme high and low temperature in northern and southern Qinling Mountains, using Mann-Kendall mutation test and Kriging interpolation. The results showed that the order of climate trend rate of average annual temperature is that the southern part of Shaanxi < Guanzhong < other regions of China;the relationship of climate trend rate of annual high temperature is that: Guanzhong < other regions of China < the southern part of Shaanxi. The order of climate of extreme low temperature is that the southern part of Shaanxi ≈Guanzhong < other regions of China. The mutation year of average annual temperature in the two areas was 1997, which is later than the other regions of China. But, extreme high temperature fluctuation is not significant. At the same time, the mutation year of extreme low temperature in the two areas was 1978. Qinling Mountains have the important geographical feature dividing line effect. The spatial distributions of average and extreme low temperature in the areas of Qinling Mountains display that the high temperature is in the southern area, but the slow temperature in the northern area, which are distributed along the latitudinal. Contrarily, the spatial distribution of extreme high temperature shows that it is high in the eastern area, but low one in the western area, which are distributed through the longitude.