2009 年5~10 月在玉龙雪山周边典型小流域白水河、三束河、哥吉河采集河水样品,水化学分析结果表明,三条河流河水均呈现弱碱性,主要离子组成表现为富集Ca2++Mg2+和HCO3-+SO42-,且以Ca2+和HCO3-为主,各类离子存在显著季节变化。离子来源分析表明,玉龙雪山周边小流域河水雨季主要受降水和岩石风化影响,大气降水对河水主要常规离子Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-的贡献率为分别为23.44%,9.66%,3.10%,17.81%,10.48%。研究区碳酸盐岩的风化产物是河水离子组成的主要控制因素。
In order to study the characteristics of hydrochemical composition in rivers, water samples were collected in Baishui, Sanshu and Geji hydrological stations around Yulong Mountain. The results indicated that water of the three rivers is mildly alkaline with rich with Ca2+ and HCO3-. Obvious variations have been perceived during the rainy season. According to sources study of major ions, water of the three rivers were mainly influenced by precipitation and rock weathering function. The proportions of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42- from precipitation in water are 23.44%, 9.66%, 3.10%, 17.81%, and 10.48%, respectively. In addition, the ion characteristics of river water were mainly influenced by carbonating weather. The human activities should not be ignored though its influence was little.
[1] 陈静生,夏星辉.我国河流水化学研究进展[J].地理科学,1999,19(4):290~294.
[2] 乐嘉祥,王德春.中国河流水化学特征[J].地理学报.1963,29(I):2~12.
[3] Hu M,Stallard R F,Edmond J M.Major ion chemistry of some large Chinese rivers[J].Nature,1982,298:550-553.
[4] Negrel P,Lachassagne P.Geochemistry of the Maroni River(French Guiana) during the low water stage:Implications for water-rock interaction and groundwater characteristics[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,237:212-233.
[5] 韩贵琳,刘丛强.贵州喀斯特地区河流的研究:碳酸盐岩溶解控制的水文地球化学特征[J].地理科学进展,2005,20(4):394~406.
[6] Stallard R F,Edmond J M.Geochemistry of the Amazon:2.Influence of geology and weathering environment on the dissolved load[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1983,88:9 671-9688.
[7] Millot R,Gaillardet J,Dup re B,et al.Northern Latitude Chemical Weathering Rates:Clues from the Mackenzie River Basin,Canada[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2003,67:1305-1329.
[8] 陈 骏,杨杰东,李春雷.大陆风化与全球气候变化[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(3):399~405.
[9] Huh Y,Tsoi M Y,Zaitsev A,et al.The fluvial geochemistry of the rivers of Eastern Siberia:I. Tributaries of the Lena River draining the sedimentary platform of the Siberian Craton[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62:1 657-1676.
[10] Huang W W,Zhang J,Zhou Z H.Particulate element inventory of the Huanghe(Yellow River):A large,high-turbidity river[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1992,56:3669-3680
[11] Zhang J,Takahash K,W ushiki H,et al.Water geochemistry of the rivers around the Taklimakan Desert(NW China):Crustal weathering and evaporation processes in arid land[J].Chemical Geology,1995,119:225-237.
[12] 陈静生.川贵地区长江干支流河水主要离子含量变化趋势及分析[J].中国环境科学,1998,18(2):131~135.
[13] 张利田,陈静生.我国河水主要离子组成与区域自然条件的关系[J].地理科学,2000,20(3):236~240.
[14] 李丽娟,李海滨,王 娟.澜沧江水文与水环境特征及其时空分异[J].地理科学,2002,22(1):49~56.
[15] 薛红喜,何 江,樊庆云,等.黄河包头段常见离子对重金属在沉积物上吸附影响机制研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):407~411.
[16] 李甜甜,季宏兵,江用彬,等.赣江上游河水水化学的影响因素DIC来源[J].地理学报,2007,62(7):764~775.
[17] 何元庆,姚檀栋,杨梅学,等.山地温冰川中的气候环境记录研究[J].冰川冻土,1999,21(3):257~263.
[18] 何元庆,姚檀栋,程国栋,等.玉龙山温冰川浅冰芯内气候环境信息的初步剖析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(4):118~124.
[19] 何元庆,姚檀栋,杨梅学.中国典型山地温冰川水化学空间分布特征与近期冰川动态[J].山地学报,2000,18(6):481~488.
[20] 范 弢.云南丽江生态地质环境演化过程与趋势研究.昆明理工大学博士论文,2008.
[21] 李宗省,何元庆,贾文雄,等.丽江市夏季降水化学组成分析[J].环境科学,2009,29(2):288~293.
[22] He Yuanqing,Pu Tao,Li Zongxing,et al.Climate Change and Its Effect on Annual Runoff in Lijiang Basin-Mt.Yulong Region[J].China Journal of Earth Science,2010,21(2):137-147.
[23] Mitamura O,Seike Y,Kondo K,et al. First investigation of ultraoligotrophic alpine Lake Puma Yumco in the pre-Himalaya,China[J].Limnology,2003,4:167-175.
[24] Murakami T,Terai H,Yoshiyama Y,et al.The second investigation of Lake Puma Yum Co located in the Southern Tibetan Plateau,China[J].L imnology,2007,8:331-335.
[25] 武小波,李全莲,贺建桥,等.黑河上游夏半年河水化学组成及年内过程[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1190~1195
[26] 陈静生,陶 澍,邓宝山等.水环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987:48~60
[27] 王君波,朱立平,鞠建廷,等.西藏纳木错东部湖水及入湖河流水化学特征初步研究[J].地理科学,2009,29(2):288~293
[28] Winston W E,Criss R E.Geochemical variations during flash flooding, Meramec River Basin,May 2000[J].Journal of Hydrology,2002,265:149-163.
[29] Gibbs R J.Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J].Science,1970,170:1088-1090.
[30] Kawashima M,Nishiyama T.Salt concentration and chemical types of lake,river,snow,and hot spring waters from the Tibetan Plateau[J].JpnJ Limnol,1989,50:93-104.
[31] Meybeck M.Atmospheric inputs and river transport of dissolved substances[M]//Proceedings of the Hamburg Symposium,vol.141.IAHS Publ,1983:173-192.
[32] Grosbois C, Negrel P,Grimaud D,et al. An overview of dissolved and suspended matter fluxes in the Loire River Basin:Natural and anthropogenic inputs[J].Aquatic Geochemistry,2001,7:81-105.
[33] 韩贵琳.喀斯特环境质量变化的自然与人文过程特征.中国科学院地球化学研究所博士论文,2002.
[34] 李思悦,谭 香,徐志方,等.湖北丹江口水库主要离子化学季节变化及离子来源分析[J].环境科学,2008,19(12): 3353~3359.
[35] Roy S,Gaillarde J,A llègre C J.Geochem istry of dissolved and suspended loads of the Seine river,France:Anthropogenic impact,carbonate and silicate weathering[J].Geochemical et Cosmoch imica Acta,1999,63:1277-1292.
