选择长江口滨岸潮滩作为典型研究区,研究了排污活动对潮滩营养盐N环境地球化学过程的影响。结果发现排污口滨岸潮滩上覆水、表层沉积物孔隙水和表层沉积物中的NH4+-N、TIN等都有显著累积效应,而NOx--N在长江口滨岸潮滩上覆水、表层沉积物孔隙水和表层沉积物中并未出现累积高峰值,表明外源输入不是潮滩环境中NOx--N主要来源。分析结果还显示,排污口潮滩沉积物-水界面间N分子扩散通量明显大于非排污口,表明排污活动加剧了潮滩沉积物-水界面间营养盐N的扩散过程。
The influences of sewage discharge on environmental geo-chemical processes of nutrients were investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary in this study.The result indicates that there was obviously enrichment of NH4+-N and TIN in tidal water,tidal surface-sediment pore waters and surface sediments adjacent to sewage outlets in the estuary.The enrichment of nitrogen was considered to be related not only to the inputs of nitrogen from sewage outlets,but also to the changes of environmental factors induced by sewage discharge.In contrast,there was no significant enrichment of NOx-—N in the tidal water,tidal surface-sediment pore waters and surface sediments from the estuary,which showed that external inputs of nutrients was not the primary factor controlling the distribution of NOx-—N.It was also shown that the diffusive fluxes of nitrogen across sediment-water interface was markedly higher at sewage outlets than at the control sampling sites in tidal flats,indicating that sewage discharge not only increased the accumulation of nitrogen in the tidal flat,but also strengthened the exchange process of nitrogen across tidal sediment-water interface.
[1] Cerwar H.Biological effects of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea,particularly the coastal zone[J].Ambio,1990,19:109-112.
[2] Sanger D M,Holland A F,Scott G I.Tidal creek and salt marsh sediments in south Carolina coastal estuarines:Ⅰ.Distribution of tracemetals[J ].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1999,37:445-457.
[3] 刘敏,许世远,陈振楼.上海南汇淤泥质潮滩表层沉积物中多环芳烃[J].中国环境科学,1998,18(3):284～288.
[4] 陈建芳,叶新荣.长江口-杭州湾有机物污染历史初步研究--BHC与DDT的地层学记录[J].中国环境科学,1999,19(3):206～210.
[5] 段水旺,章申,陈喜保,等.长江下游氮、磷含量变化及其输送量的估计[J].环境科学,2000,21(1):53～56.
[6] 陈振楼,许世远,柳林,等.上海滨岸潮滩沉积物重金属元素的空间分布与累积[J].地理学报,2000,55(6):641～651.
[7] 毕春娟,陈振楼,许世远,等.上海滨岸潮滩根际重金属含量季节变化及形态分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2003,34(2):194～200.
[8] Klump J V.Biogeochemical cycling in an organic rich coastal marine basin Ⅱ:Nutrient sediment-water exchange processes[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1981,45:101-121.
[9] Babu K N,Ouseph P P,Padmalal D.Interstitial water-sediment geochemistry of N,P and Fe and its response to overlying waters of tropical estuaries:a case from the Southwest coast of India[J].Environmental Geology,2000,39:633-640.
[10] Sundb(a)ck K,Miles A,Hulth S.Importance of benthic nutrient regeneration during initiation of macroalgal blooms in shallow bays[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2003,246:115-126.
[11] Bolalek J,Graca B.Ammonium nitrogen at the water Sediment Interface in Puck Bay,Baltic Sea[J ].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1996,43:767-779.
[12] 李鱼,董德明,花修艺,等.湿地水环境中生物膜吸附铅、镉能力的研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(4):445～448.
[13] 盛学良,舒金华,彭补拙,等.江苏省太湖流域总氮、总磷排放标准研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(4):449～452.
[14] 龚子同,张甘霖,赵文君,等.海南岛土壤中铝钙的地球化学特征及其对生态环境的影响[J].地理科学,23(2);200～207.
[15] 王国平,刘景双.向海湿地元素地球化学特征与高分辨沉积记录[J].地理科学,2003,23(2):208～212.
[16] 魏秀国,沈承德,孙彦敏,等.珠江水体悬浮物颗粒有机碳稳定同位素组成及分布特征[J].地理科学,2003,23(4):472～477.
[17] 李绪谦,张建伟,王奇杰,等.江水浊度在污染河段水质净化中的作用分析及建议[J].地理科学,2004,24(2):102～107.
[18] 刘恩峰,沈吉,朱育新.西太湖沉积物污染的地球化学记录及对比研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(1):245～250.
[19] Rysgass S,Thastum P,Dalsgaard T,et al.Effects of salinity on NH4+ adsorption capacity,nitrification,and denitrification in danish estuary sediments[J].Estuaries,1999,22:21-30.
[20] Andrieux-Loyer F,Aminot A.Phosphorus forms related to sediment grain size and geochemical characteristics in French coastal areas[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2001,52(5):617-629.
[21] Berner R A,Rao J L.Phosphorous in sediments of the Amazon River and estuary:Implication for the global flux of phosphorous tothe sea[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1994,58(10):2333-2339.
[22] Gerritse R G,Wallbrink P J,Murray A S.Accumulation of phosphorus and heavy metals in the Peel-Harvey Estuary in western Australia:Results of a preliminary study[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1998,47:679-693.
[23] 刘敏,许世远,侯立军,等.长江口滨岸潮滩沉积物中磷的存在形态和分布征[J].海洋通报,2001,120(5):10～17.
[24] 刘敏,侯立军,许世远,等.河口滨岸潮滩沉积物--水界面N、P的扩散通量[J].海洋环境科学,2001,20(3):19～23.
[25] 刘敏,侯立军,许世远,等.长江河口潮滩表层沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附特征[J].地理学报,2002,57(4):397～406.
[26] 刘巧梅,刘敏,许世远,等.上海滨岸潮滩不同粒径沉积物中无机形态磷的分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2002,21(3):29～33.
[27] 刘培芳,陈振楼,刘杰,等.盐度和pH对崇明东滩沉积物中NH4+释放的影响研究[J].环境科学研究,2002,15(5):28～32.
[28] 欧冬妮,刘敏,侯立军,等.围垦对东海农场沉积物无机氮分布的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2002,21(3):18～22.
[29] 戴科伟,高超,朱继业,等.太湖流域磷排放对区域城市化过程的响应--以宜兴市为例[J].地理科学,2007,27(2):237～243.
[30] 杨红霞,王东启,陈振楼,等.长江口崇明东滩潮间带甲烷(CH4)排放及其季节变化[J].地理科学,2007,27(3):408～413.
[31] Berner R A.Early diagenesis:A theoretical approach[M ].Princeton,New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1980.
[32] Lerman A.Geochemical process:Water and sediment environments[M].Mew York:John Wiley & Sons Inc,1979.
