以黑龙江省克山县为例,分析1954年和2000年侵蚀沟密度变化,探讨研究区土壤侵蚀的时空动态变化,并以侵蚀沟密度变化值为依据进行不同分区侵蚀因素的耦合分析。结果表明:过去46年间,克山县东南部侵蚀沟密度趋于减少,西北部侵蚀沟密度增大。1954～2000年侵蚀沟密度变化值在侵蚀减弱区与高程和坡度呈负相关,在侵蚀增强区呈正相关。随着坡长增加,侵蚀沟密度变化量呈增加趋势。侵蚀沟变化与坡长相关性最大,R2达0.9743,其次为高程,R2为0.6893,与坡度的相关性最小,R2为0.3437。结果表明,高程和坡度不是东北丘陵漫岗地区土壤流失的主要影响因子,坡长是该区侵蚀的一个重要影响因子。土地利用结构变化与土壤侵蚀强度变化密切相关,耕地面积大幅度增加与草地面积明显减少加速侵蚀沟发育。
Based on RS and GIS technology,spatial and temporal dynamics of soil erosion were explored by analyzing the change of gully density in 1954 and 2000,taking Keshan County,Heilongjiang Province,as an example.Furthermore,correlation analyses were conducted for related factors in different sub-regions according to change values of gully density.Results showed that,in the past 46 years,gully density in southeastern part declined and that in northwestern part increased.In sub-regions with lessened erosion,changes in gully density negatively correlated to elevation and slope.However,in sub-regions with enhanced erosion,the correlation is positive.Changes in gully density increased when slope length increased.The decision coefficient(R2) between gully density change and slope length,elevation and slope degree was 0.9743,0.6893 and 0.3437 respectively.Slope length plays an important role in affecting soil erosion in upland region of Northeast China.The change of land use has impact on soil erosion degree.In the study area,obvious increase in cultivated land and decrease in grassland accelerated formation of gully.
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