文章研究了欧亚春季雪盖对印度洋偶极子的影响。研究发现,欧亚春季雪盖与印度洋偶极子关系密切,两者之间存在显著的反相关关系。欧亚春季雪盖异常导致夏季赤道印度洋垂直纬向环流以及印度洋和欧亚大陆之间的垂直经向环流发生异常,是欧亚春季雪盖与印度洋偶极子存在反相关关系的主要原因。欧亚春季雪盖异常可能是印度洋偶极子发生的一个重要的外在诱发因子。
The influence of Eurasian snow cover in spring on Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) was first studied in this paper. The results indicate that IOD is significantly correlated negatively with Eurasian snow cover extent in spring. The anomalies of Eurasian snow cover in spring bring about the anomalies of the vertical zonal circulation over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the vertical meridional circulation between the Indian Ocean and Eurasian continent in summer. The anomalies of the vertical zonal and meridional circulations play an important role in occurrence of the Indian Ocean Dipole and its maintaining, leading a significantly negative correlation between the Eurasian snow cover in spring and the Indian Ocean Dipole. It is presumable that the Eurasian snow cover in spring as one of the causal factors could trigger IOD events. The results in the paper are important for us to further investigate the links between snow cover, atmosphere circulation and sea temperature and the possible mechanisms between them.
[1] Parthasarathy B,Yang S.Relationships between regional Indian summer monsoon rainfall and Eurasian snow cover[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,1995,12:143-150.
[2] Li C,Yanai M.The onset and internationalvariability of the Asian summer monsoon in relation to land-sea thermal contrast[J].Journal of Climate,1996,9:358-375.
[3] 冯利华.长江巨洪前期物理因子的配置[J].地理科学,2002,22(4):504～507.
[4] 李国平,段廷杨,吴贵芬.青藏高原西部的地面热源强度及地面热量平衡[J].地理科学,2003,23(1):13～18.
[5] Clark M P,Serreze M C,Robinson D A.Atmospheric controls on Eurasian snow extent[J].International Journal of Climatology,1999,19:27-40.
[6] Chen L,Wu R.Interannual and decadal variations of snow cover over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and their relationships to summer monsoon rainfall in China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2000,17:18-30.
[7] Bamzai,A S,Marx L.COLA AGCM simulation of the effect of anomalous spring snow over Eurasia on the Indian summer monsoon[J] Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2000,126:2575-2584.
[8] 张丽旭,魏文寿.天山西部中山带积雪变化趋势与气温和降水的关系[J].地理科学,2002,22(1):67～71.
[9] 尤卫红,何大明,郭志荣.澜沧江径流量变化与云南降水量场变化的相关性特征[J].地理科学,2005,25(4):420～426.
[10] Zhang Y,Li T,Wang B.Decadal change of snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau in spring:The associated circulation and its relationship to the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall[J].Journal of Climate,2003,17 (14):2780-2793.
[11] 刘三超,张万昌,蒋建军,等.用TM影象和DEM获取黑河流域地表反射率和反照率[J].地理科学,2003,23(5):585～591.
[12] 刘小平,邓孺孺,彭晓鹃.基于TM影象的快速大气校正方法[J].地理科学,2005,25(1):87～93.
[13] Yasunari T,Kitoh A,Tokioka T.Local and remote response to excessive snow mass over Eurasia appearing in the northern spring and summer climate? A study with the MRI-GCM[J].Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan,1991,69:473-487.
[14] Groisman P Y,Karl T R,Knight R W,et al.Changes of snow cover,temperature,and radiative heat balance over the Northern Hemisphere[J].Journal of Climate,1994,7:1633-1656.
[15] Saji N H,Goswami B,Vinayachandran P N,et al.A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean[J].Nature,1999,401:360-363.
[16] Webster P T,Moore A M,Loschning J P,et al.Coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997-1998[J].Nature,1999,401:356-360.
[17] 李崇银,穆明权.赤道印度洋海温偶极子型振荡及其气候影响[J].大气科学,2001,25(4):433～443.
[18] 李崇银,穆明权,潘静.印度洋海温偶极子和太平洋海温异常[J].科学通报,2001,46(20):1747～1751.
[19] Karumuri A,Guan Z,Yamagata T.Impact of the Indian Ocean Dipole on the Relationship between the Indain Monsoon Rainfall and ENSO[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2001,28(23):4499-4502.
[20] Karumuri A,Guan Z,Yamagata T.Influence of the Indian Ocean dipole on the Australian winter rainfall[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30:doi:10.1029/2003GL017926.
[21] Barnett T P,Dumenil L,Schlese U,et al.The effect of Eurasian snow cover on regional and global climate variations[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1989,46 (5):661-685.
[22] Li P.Recent trends and regional differentiation of snow variation in China[A].Colbeck S C.Snow Cover and Glacier Variations[C].IAHS Publication No.183,Wallingford:IAHS Press,1989.3-10.
[23] Brown R D.Northern Hemisphere snow cover variability and change,1915-97[J].Journal of Climate,2000,13:2339-2355.
[24] Blanford H F.On the connexion of Himalayan snowfall and seasons of drought in India[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society,1884,37:3-22.
[25] 杨秋明.欧亚500 hPa环流、雪盖和中国降水量3～4年耦合振荡[J].气候与环境研究,1997,2(4):347～355.
[26] 殷永红,史历,倪允琪.近20年来热带印度洋与热带太平洋海气系统相互作用特征的诊断研究[J].大气科学,2001,25(3):355～371.
[27] 高荣,韦志刚,董文杰,等.20世纪后期青藏高原积雪和冻土变化及其与气候变化的关系[J].高原气象,2003,22(2):191～196.
