作为城市居民生活与生产的两大载体,城市居住与就业用地及其空间组织对城市发展及空间格局起着重要的作用。随着中国城市社会经济和城市规划建设的发展,大城市居住-就业的空间格局发展巨大的变化。本文以广州为案例,分析了广州市居住-就业空间均衡性、宏观空间组织模式和不同片区的居住-就业中微观空间组织模式等,并从历史因素、政府因素、市场因素和社会因素等角度揭示了广州"自上而下"和"自下而上"两种力量共同作用下,居住-就业空间格局的演化过程和规律。论文倡导多元化的土地开发模式,提倡从居住与就业空间协调的角度调节交通需求的空间分布,进而优化城市空间结构,达到提高城市运作效率的目的,并试图在研究视角上为国内其他城市的同类研究提供借鉴。
Being two main types of the urban land use, residential land and industrial land have important impact on urban structure. The study on this field is becoming one of the hot topics in the field of Urban geography. With the development of urban society and economy in China, the spatial organization of employment and residential sites changed greatly, which brought important impact on urban development, such as the efficiency of land use, the urban environment, the urban sustainability, etc. By some research on the characteristics of the jobs-housing balance and the typical models of the organization of the employment and residential sites in Guangzhou, some conclusions are carried out. Firstly, with the impacts of the multi-factors, such as the factors from the local government, from the market, and the society, etc., the relationship between jobs-housing in Guangzhou is becoming much more balanced, which helps to relieve traffic congestion, improve living conditions, and optimize urban structure. Secondly, there are several spatial models of jobs-housing relationship due to the dynamic factors, such as the bottom to top and top to bottom systems. The redistribution and sprawling of residential area leading the development of the distribution of both industrial land and commercial land is one of the most typical land use model in recent years, which results in the much longer distant of commuting in new developed area. Thirdly, the mixed land use instead of functional zoning is more helpful to shorten people's travel distance and make the city more efficient.
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