文章探讨了城市泥石流灾害损失评估的系统方法,该方法包括了泥石流堆积泛滥区危险区划、城市土地覆盖类型遥感解译、损失评估模型构建和价值核算4个主要内容。以美国高分辨率的"快鸟"卫星影象为数据源完成了研究区的土地覆盖类型遥感解译,根据泥石流危险程度和土地覆盖类型特征,构建了城市泥石流灾害的损失评估模型。最后,应用GIS提供的分析工具完成了研究区不同土地覆盖类型的泥石流灾害损失计算和评价。
This paper approached an integrated methodology for urban debris flow loss estimation.Procedure of the methodology involved debris flow hazard zonation, image interpretation of urban land cover, model establishment for loss estimation, and property value calculation.Debris flow hazard zonation on the alluvial fan of the study area are created by overlaying distributed flow depth and velocity maps, which are produced through the numerical simulation.The possible loss estimation model is formulated based on stage-damage relationships between different debris flow hazard level and land-use features.Nowadays, earth observation techniques can contribute toward more accurate urban debris flow hazard modelling and they can be used to assess damage to residential properties, infrastructure and agricultural crops.For this study, detailed land cover information was derived by using the Quickbird high spatial resolution satellite imagery.Based on detail interpretation for the Quickbird image, the land cover of the study city was classified into 5 first level types, 10 second level types and 16 third level types.We calculated and evaluated the economic loss to different land-use features based on a GIS statistical tool.
[1] 陈光曦,王继康.泥石流防治[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983.2~29.
[2] (苏)C.M弗莱施曼(著).姚德基(译).泥石流[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.5~15.
[3] 杜榕桓,李德基,祁 龙.我国山区城镇泥石流减灾特点与防御对策研究.见:施雅风,黄鼎成,陈泮勤(主编).中国自然灾害灾情分析与减灾对策.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1992.331~337.
[4] 韦方强,胡凯衡.山区城镇泥石流减灾决策支持系统[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(2):31~37.
[5] 谢 洪,钟敦伦.城镇泥石流减灾系统工程刍议[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(5):136~141.
[6] 罗元华.泥石流堆积区灾害破坏损失评价方法[J].中国地质矿产经济,2000,(4):33~39.
[7] 张 梁,张业成,罗元华.地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.52~100.
[8] 张 梁,张业成.地质灾害经济损失评价方法研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,11(12):95~102.
[9] 金晓媚,刘金韬.地质灾害灾情评估系统[J].水文地质工程地质,1998,25(3):30~32.
[10] 高克昌,杨 华,赵纯勇.基于GIS 的万州示范区地质灾害灾情评估系统设计[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,14( 4):54~60.
[11] 汪 敏,刘东燕.滑坡灾害风险分析中的易损性及破坏损失评价研究[J].工程勘察,2001,(3):7~13.
[12] 崔 鹏.县级泥石流滑坡灾害快速调查与评估.见:唐邦兴,潘长庆(主编).首届全国泥石流滑坡防治学术会议论文集.昆明:云南科技出版社,1991.78~91.
[13] 唐 川.云南省滑坡泥石流灾害评估方法研究[J].云南地理环境研究,1998,12 (2):34~42.
[14] 唐 川,刘洪江.泥石流堆积扇危险度分区定量评价研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997,3 (3):63~70.
[15] 唐 川.平面二维泥石流模拟方法的探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,1994,21(5):9~11.
[16] 罗元华,陈崇希.泥石流堆积数值模拟及泥石流灾害风险评估方法[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.1~82.
[17] K T Chau,K H Lo.Hazard assessment of debris flows for Leung King Estate of Hong Kong by incorporating GIS with numerical simulations[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2004,(4):103-116.
[18] Takahashi T.Debris flow,International Association for Hydraulic Research[M].Balkema:Rotterdam,1991.34-78.
[19] J Hiibl,H Steinwendtner.Two-Dimensional Simulation of Two Viscous Debris Flows in Austria[J].Phys.Chem.Earth,2001,26(9):639-644.
[20] 王礼先.北京山区荒漠溪分类与危险区制图[J].山地研究,1995,13 (3):141~146.
[21] Anderson J R,Hardy E E,Roach J T.A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data.Geological survey professional paper 964[M].US Government Printing Office,Washington,D C.1976.
[22] 于兴修,杨桂山,王 瑶.土地利用/覆被变化的环境效应研究进展与动向[J].地理科学,2004,24(5):627~630.
[23] 范月娇.基于遥感和GIS一体化技术的三峡库区土地利用变化研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(5):593~597.
[24] 闫满存,王光谦,刘家宏.GIS支持的澜沧江下游区泥石流爆发危险性评价[J].地理科学,2001,21(4) 334~338.
[25] 唐 川,朱大奎.基于GIS技术的泥石流风险评价研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(3):300~305.
[26] 刘家宏,王光谦.基于遥感图象的泥石流地面活动程度评价[J].地理科学,2003,23(4):455~460.
[27] Jonkman S N,Gelder P H,Vrijling J.K.An overview of quantitative risk measures for loss of life and economic damage[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003,A99:1-30.
