文章分析了清代中后期山东发生动乱与旱涝的时空关系及该时期山东人口、田赋、政策等因素,以期了解气候变化背景下的区域适应行为方式的变化和机制。结果显示:1800~1850年,山东动乱与干旱在时空分布上都呈现较好的对应关系,动乱是封建社会农民对气候变化所采取的一种极端响应方式。随着人地矛盾深化和赋税的日益增重,1870年后动乱与干旱的对应关系反而不再显著,移民作为一种新的适应方式改变了山东省对气候变化的适应机制,减缓了气候变化对动乱的影响。
The paper analyzed the spatial-temporal relationship between revolt and drought-flood, and influence of factors such as population, land tax and policy, in Shandong Province during the middle and late Qing Dynasty (1800-1911AD), in order to understand the regional adaptation to climate change. The results indicated that there was good spatial-temporal relationship between revolt and drought-flood. During 1800 to 1850, the relationship was the best, when climate change was the main factor that arose the revolt as an extreme and drastic response by peasants to the intolerable climate change in feudal society. During the 1850s-1870s, disasters occurred frequently, revolt broke out continually, and society contradiction became intensified. After then, the corresponding relationship between revolt and drought was not as better as before. It may be contributed to that Qing government's policy that abolished the ban of migration to Northeast China in 1861AD, which provided a new way to respond to the climate change for the people in Shandong Province and weakened the impact of climate change on revolt.
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