分析了形成1954年长江巨洪的物理因子,指出现有研究主要侧重单个物理因子对1954年长江巨洪的影响。事实上,1954年长江巨洪是这些因子叠加作用的结果,并且因子越多,叠加作用越强,巨洪的量级也就越大。

Super-huge flood along the Changjiang River refers to extra large flood in the entire drainage basin of the Changjiang River. Known from the measured records on floods at Hankou Station since 1865, the largest flood is occurred in 1954 (highest flood level 29.73m). Based on current available studies, major physical factors for the formation of super-huge flood along the Changjiang River in 1954 include: (1) sunspot activity, (2) El Nino event, (3) strong earthquake in the south of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, (4) solar eclipse, (5) cross eclipse year of perihelion, (6) astronomical cycle, (7) inter-star gravitation, (8) subtropical high of West Pacific, (9) anomalous field of sea temperature at previous winter. The effect of these physical factors on super-huge flood along the Changjiang River is strong also weak. Example, the effect of sunspot activity, El Nino event, strong earthquake in the south of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau on super-huge flood along the Yangtze River is relatively strong which belongs to strong signal, while astronomical cycle, inter-star gravitation to weak signal. As they result in super-huge flood along the Yangtze River in the light of large-scale anomaly of general circulation, sunspot activity, El Nino event, strong earthquake in the south of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, solar eclipse may be named sun-air interaction, ocean-air interaction, land-air interaction, eclipse-air interaction respectively. The general researches are mainly focused on the impact of single physical factor on super-huge flood along the Changjiang River in 1954. In fact, super-huge flood along the Yangtze River in 1954 is the superposition result of these factors. Because of the most physical factors and the strongest superposition in 1954 compared with the other floods in the 20th century, the grade of super-huge flood along the Changjiang River in 1954 is the greatest.