以贵州省关岭县为例,利用1987和1999年两个时段TM影象和相关资料,分析研究区12年间的土地利用/土地覆被变化及其土壤侵蚀风险。发现:(1)研究区土地利用动态变化较大,年均土地利用综合动态指数为1.36%;(2)旱地和草地互相转化比例高,草地开垦为旱地和旱地弃耕为草地的动态变化幅度远远超过旱地和草地最终面积变化的幅度;(3)山区土地利用的空间变化主要体现在垂直方向;(4)研究区裸土面积下降,一部分被植被覆盖,另一部分由于土壤流失殆尽,形成裸露基岩,故植被覆盖率和基岩出露率上升;(5)石漠化程度加剧,其中旱地石漠化发展速度最快;(6)土壤侵蚀形势严峻。
There is a very serious ecology degradation caused by overuse of land in the Karst area, which is one of the main ecology fragile in southwest of China. This article focuses on a local site—Guanling County, Guizhou province —as a background, and land use/ land cover change as well as its ecology environment impact of the past 12 years in that area is fully researched based on 1987 and 1999 TM images and other relative data. There are some conclusions below: ① Land use has been changed dynamically and obviously, indicated by LUDC (Land Use Dynamic Change) index, which is 1.36% per year; ② The dynamic changes of dry land and grass land are main forms. The dynamic change of reclaimed and abandoned dry land is wilder than that of static change of increased dry land drastically; ③ Land use condition in mountain area is effectively evaluated by the LB (Land Center) index created by the author; ④ The ratio of bare soil is decreased, while the ratios of vegetation cover and naked rock are increased. Besides, the decrease of bare soil is caused partly by the plantation and the soil loss, the latter can make the bare soil turn into naked rock; ⑤ The staggering soil loss contributes the desertification from 22.50% to 26.58%, especially in the dry land where there is a fastest development; ⑥The antierosion life of the bare soil isn't longer than 45.5a by the erosion velocity during 1987-1999 and all the soil will be corroded completely in 86.5a.
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