本文论述了北威尔士北美云杉林〔Picea sitchensis(Bong)Carr〕土壤非饱和水在土壤剖面上的垂直和水平方向的时空变化过程及规律。结果表明,表层至10cm深和35～50cm深的土壤层内非饱和水含量始终高于10～20cm和20～35cm深两层的非饱和水含量。土壤非饱和水有从上向下和从下向上补给中间层的规律。受水势梯度的影响,犁沟内非饱和水可以侧向补给相邻畦埂的土壤。在监测期,土壤中没有饱和水和过饱和水运动过程出现.
In this paper, spatial and terporal variation process and law of unsaturated soil water on soil profile and horizontal direction under Sitka spruce forest in North Wales were approached using the tensionmeter technique. The result shows that contents of the unsaturated soil water at shallow soil depth (0-10cm) and at lower soil depth (35-50cm) are always larger than that at the soil depth (10-20cm) and at soil depth (20-35cm). The flow of the unsaturated soil water in the upper layer of soil (0-10cm) and at lower soil depth (35-50cm) appears in a law of supplying middle layer of soil. Affected by hydraulic potential gradient, the unsaturated soil water in the furrow soil may supply laterally the ridge soil of adjacent furrow. During mearsurement period, it is not occurence that saturated soil water and oversaturated soil water leach out from the soil profile.
1 罗汝英.森林土壤学.北京:科学出版社,1993.222～238.
2 Reynol ds B et al.Impact of afforest ation on the soil solution chemisthy of stagnopd zols in Mid-Wales.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,1988,38:55-70.
3 Benecke P.Soil waterrelations and water exchange of forestecosystem.Water and Plant Life,1976,101-132.
4 Dunne T et al.Anexper imental investigation of runoff production in permeable soil.Water Res Res,1970,6:478-490.
5 Stevens P A.,Hornung.Nitrate leaching from a felled Sitka spruce plantation in Beddgelent Forest,North Wales. Soil Use and Management,1988,4:3-9.
6 House G J et al.Nitrogen cycling in conventional and no-tillage agro-ecosystem:Analysis of path wags and process. Jounal of Applied Ecology,1984,21:991-1012.
