洞庭湖湿地是中国最大的淡水湿地生态系统之一,湿地资源十分丰富,但由于人类不合理的开发利用,导致湿地生态系统严重退化,湿地生态服务功能价值受损,制约了湖区经济的可持续发展。在实地调查和试验的基础上,依据生态经济学的理论和方法,对洞庭湖湿地因资源退化引起的一系列自然灾害和生态灾害所造成的湿地生态功能损失进行了价值损益评估,由此得出湿地资源退化对湖区经济可持续发展所造成的损失;并指出只有恢复洞庭湖区湿地生态环境,保护好洞庭湖区湿地资源,才能实现洞庭湖区湿地资源的可持续利用,保证湖区经济的可持续发展。
Wetland is featured by its unique ecological function and economical value. It is amongst the Earth's most productive ecosystem which has such a huge economical and socio-ecological benefits as food supply, raw and processed materials, water resources, flood control and drought defying, biodiversity protection and tourism etc. The Dongting Lake wetland is one of the largest lacustrine wetland ecosystem in China. There are a lot of wetland resources in Dongting Lake area. It includes 1428 species of plants resources, 216 species of birds resources, 119 species of fish resources, 27 species of amphibians and retile, 22 species of mammals and a great many of other wild living things. But the human's unreasonable exploitation and utilization for a long times lead to the wetland's ecosystem degeneration and ecological value fall victim and to restrict the economic sustainable development in Dongting Lake area. Based on the wetland resources' character, the paper makes use of the eco-economics theory and method in the base of the investigation and the experiment to evaluate the benefit and loss value of the wetland ecological function degeneration as a series of the natural and ecological calamity are leaded by the wetland eco-environment and the resources degeneration. The loss of the direct values in use and the loss of the indirect values in use in Dongting Lake wetland resources are evaluated in the use of the method of tax rate of Sweden. Researching value, travel consumption method, Robert Constanza method, market value method, assets value method. The conclusion can be drawn that the total loss value measure of the wetland resources degeneration is 300.71?108 yuan(RMB) in Dongting Lake wetland. The loss of the assets value has affected economical sustainable development as the wetland resources degeneration in Dongting Lake area. The guarantee to realize the economical sustainable development and to the wetland resources sustainable utilization is to renew the wetland eco-environment and to protect the wetland resources in Dongting Lake area.
[1] 谢炳庚, 李晓青, 程伟民. 湿地景观生态学理论和方法研究[M]. 长沙: 中南工大出版社, 1998.
[2] 王光英, 朱 翔. 洞庭湖治理与开发[M]. 长沙: 湖南人民出版社. 1998.
[3] 黄进良. 洞庭湖湿地面积的变化与演替[J]. 地理研究,1999, 18(4): 297~283.
[4] 王克林. 洞庭湖区湿地综合资源管理与复合生态系统建设 [J]. 农村生态环境, 1999 (2): 1~7.
[5] 李景保, 朱 翔, 蔡炳华,等. 洞庭湖区湿地资源可持续利用途径研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2002, 17(5): 387~392.
[6] 卞鸿翔, 龚循礼. 洞庭湖区围垦的初步研究[J]. 地理学报, 1985, 41(2): 131~141.
[7] 李景保, 朱 翔. 论洞庭湖区钉螺孽生环境与生态灭螺防病[J]. 湖泊科学, 2000, 12(2):140~146.
[8] 赵正元, 郭荷香, 敖 红. 洞庭湖农村血吸虫病人家庭经济负担的研究[J]. 实用预防医学, 1997(2):80~81.
[9] 卜跃先, 陆国强, 谭建强. 洞庭湖水质污染状况与综合评价[J]. 人民长江,1997(2):40~43.
[10] 许晓峰,李富强, 孟 斌. 资源资产化管理与可持续发展[M]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 1999. 254~268.
[11] 马 中. 环境与资源经济学概论[M].北京: 高等教育出版社,1999. 93~133.
[12] 辛 琨, 肖笃宁. 盘锦地区湿地生态系统服务价值估算[J].生态学报,2002, 22(8): 1345~1349.
[13] 刘红玉, 吕宪国, 刘振乾,等. 辽河三角洲湿地资源与区域持续发展. 地理科学, 2000, 20 (6): 545~551.
[14] 崔保山,杨志峰. 吉林省典型湿地资源效益评价研究[J].资源科学, 2001,(3):55~61.
[15] 李双成, 郑 度, 张镱锂. 环境与生态系统资本价值评估的区域范式. 地理科学, 2002, 22(3):271~275.
[16] 刘 文, 王炎庠, 张敦富. 资源价格[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆,1996. 71~103.
[17] 欧阳志云, 王如松, 赵景柱. 生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价.应用生态学报,1999(5):636~640.
[18] 崔保山, 刘兴土. 黄河三角洲湿地生态特征变化及可持续性管理对策. 地理科学, 2001, 21(3):250~256.
