本文将长白山高山冻原87属131种维管植物划分成各种区系地理成分,将长白山高山冻原维管植物区系分别与欧洲、亚洲和北关北极冻原进行了对比分析,提出了在最近一次冰期北极冻原在中国东部南迁到41°N左右的观点,认为长白山高山冻原植物区系是在第四纪全新世从北极冻原演化而来。
The alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountain is situated in 41°53′42°04′N,127°57′-128°11′E,1950(2000)-2749.2m above sea level.There are 87 genera(gen).and 131 species(sp.)of vascular plants in the alpine tundra.Among them,19 gen.belong to Cosmopolitan Distribution Type(DT),58 gen.and 39 sp.to North Temperate DT,4 gen.and 9 sp.to E.Asia and N.America DT,2 gen.and 6 sp.to Old World(Eurasia)Temperate DT,4 gen.and 7 sp.to Temperate Asia DT,and 70 sp.to E.Asia DT,81 gen.and 58 sp.are shared with arctic tundra of Europe,of which,68 gen.and 27 sp.are shared with the arctic tundra of Europe;66 gen.and 51 sp.are shared with the arctic tundra of Asia;and 80 gen.and 42 sp.are shared with the arctic tundra of N. America.The main features of alpine tundra flora are 1)endemic floristic elements(17 sp.of vascular plants endemic to alpine tundra)are abundant,2)floristic independence(22 gen.and 70 sp.of vascular plants limited in alpine tundra)is great(strong),3)arctic-alpine floristic elements(6 gen.and 43 sp.)are rich.The flora of the alpine tundra in the Changbai Mountain originated from the arctic tundra during the Holocene of the Quaternary(about 12000 years ago).
[1] 吴征镒等:中国植被,82-142页,科学出版社,1980年.
[2] 钱家驹、张文仲:长白山高山冻原植物的调查研究简报,森林生态系统研究,1, 1980年.
[3] 黄锡畴等:长白山北侧的自然景观带,地理学报,25(6), 1959年.
[4] 黄锡畴:欧亚大陆东部高山苔原的南缘,地理科学,4(4), 1984年.
[5] 黄锡畴、李崇皓:长白山高山苔原的景观生态分析,地理学报,39(3), 1984年.
[6] 钱宏:长白山种子植物区系地理分析,地理科学,9(1), 1989年.
[7] 钱宏:长白山高山冻原——植物分类、植物区系、植物生态,生态学进展,6(3),1989年.
[8] Lewejoham K. and H. Lorenzen:Ber. Beutsch. Bot Ges. Bd 96, S. 591-684, 1983.
[9] Ukraintseva V. V. and Yu. R. Kozhevnikov:Vegetation cover in the area of the Taimyr mammoth find, Bot. Zh.(Leningrad), 66, p. 987-992, 1981(In Russian).
[10] Matvepeva N. N.:Two trips to the Big Begichev island(A brief outline of the flora and vegetation), Bot. Zh.(Leningrad), 65, p.1543-1559, 1980(In Russian).
[11] Kozhevnikov Yu. R.:Flora and environments of the Telekaj Grove and its surroundings(Central Chukotka), Bot. Zh.(Leningr.), 59, p.602-519, 1974(In Russian).
[12] Yurtsev B. A. et al.:Interesting floristic finds in easternmost Chukotka Peninsula, Bot. Zh(Leningr.),67, p.766-778, 1972(In Russian).
[13] Hulten E.:Flora of Alaska and Yukon, 1-10, Lund, C. W. K. Gleerup, 1942-1950.
[14] Hulten E.:Flora of Alaska and Neighboring territories, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1988.
[15] E. B.吴餐夫著(仲祟信等译):历史植物地理学,364-385页,科学出版社,1964年.
[16] 吴征傲、王荷生:中国自然地理—植物地理(上册),29-103页,科学出版社,1983年.
[17] 崔之久、谢又予.论我国东北、华北晚更新世晚期多年冻上南界与冰缘环境,地质学报,(2), 1984年.
[18] 赵景波:华北区平原带第四纪植被类型及其气候意义,地理科学,6(2), 1986年.
