在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下,应用景观生态学的理论和方法,对景观类型的斑块和面积大小、形状特征、主要景观及其相关土地覆盖类型间的转化关系以及沼泽景观破碎化进行分析,定量分析和研究1986~2000年三江平原沼泽景观的动态变化,结果表明:15年来,三江平原沼泽的面积正在日益缩小,沼泽正在大幅度地转化为耕地,沼泽已经到了完全破碎化的边缘。最后分析了沼泽的动态变化引起的生态效应。

Marsh was the most important and largest landscape in the Sanjiang Plain before the 19th century. With the repid increase of population and government investment, the farmland had been up to 524.0?10⁴ha, the area of marsh had been down to 83.5?10⁴ha in 2000, the landscape in the Sanjiang Plain had been in distinct changes. On the basis of remote sensing and GIS, using theory and methods of landscape ecology, the paper analyses quantificationally pacth areas, shape character and fragmentations of the marsh landscape in three periods of 1986,1996 and 2000, and surveys translation rates between marsh cover and other landcovers in the Sanjiang Plain from 1986 to 1996 and from 1996 to 2000, describes the spatial pattern of the marsh landscape in the Sanjiang Plain. The study indicates that the marsh area is being reduced increasingly, the marsh is being translated into cultivated land in larger range, and marsh landscape has been in the edge of complete fragmentation in the Sanjiang Plain. In the end, the paper analyses ecologic effect provoked by the marsh changes. In recent years,because of a large area of wetland being reclaimed in the Sanjiang Plain, ecological environment has been deteriorating ,which also has resulted in the degeneration of land, the destruction of biodiversity ,the decrease of valuable and rare animals and plants, and the descent of function of wetland.