景观结构是景观生态学研究的主要内容之一,景观结构指数多是针对农业景观和林业景观提出来的。应用GIS技术,对沈阳市城市景观结构进行了分析,结果是:景观多样性指数2.847,优势度指数1.059,聚集度指数0.803,均匀度指数58.2%,斑块密度3.7个/km2,一环内斑块密度8.825个/km2,道路密度5.52km/km2,水系密度0.198km/km2。结论是:目前常用的景观指数适于城市景观。沈阳市城市景观结构不合理,工业用地过多,市政设施用地和商业服务用地严重不足。在空间布局上,工业用地占据区位条件好的市中心地带,所以,用地结构必须调整。
Landscape structure analysis is one of the main contents in research of landscape ecology. Most of landscape structure indices are developed for agriculture and forest landscapes, and their applications are also in agriculture and forest ones. But their application in urban landscape is seldom reported. One of the purposes of this paper is to test the suitability of these indices for urban landscape. This paper analyses the structure from landscape components, diversity, dominance, evenness and patch fragmentation.In Shenyang City, the patch number of residential landscape is the most. The patch number of industrial landscape is the second, and the patch number of express way, the least. The area of suburban agriculture landscape is biggest, about 193.352 km2. The area of residential landscape is the second. And the area of industrial landscape is the third. The area of commercial landscape and greenland is little. The diversity of each landscape type and the diversity of the whole landscape are calculated. The diversity of the residential landscape is maximum, being 7.818. the second is the diversity of industrial landscape, its value is 7.133, and the one of the expression way is minimum, being 0, because of its being a patch. The diversity of the whole landscape based on patch is 8.695, and the one on the landscape type is 2.847. From diversity we can also conclude the residential and industrial landscapes are dominant in Shenyang City. Dominance index is 1.059, evenness index 58.2%, contagion index 0.803, patch density 3.7 patches/km2. Patch density within the 1st ring road is 8.825 patches/km2, road density 5.52 km/km2, water density 0.198 km/km2.It is concluded that the landscape indices such as diversity index, dominant index, evenness index and contagion index, are suitable for urban landscape. In addition patch density and corridor density are the most useful for measuring landscape fragmentation, because of easily calculated and explicit meaning. But they never be paid attention to before. For urban landscape, roads are the important factors to cut the landscape apart.The structure of Shenyang City is not rational, with too many industrial lands, too little municipal lands and business and service lands, and in spatial, industry landscape in the center of the city. So, the structure of Shenyang City landscape must be adjusted.
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