在阐明旅游系统概念的基础上,将旅游系统空间结构模式界定为以目的地和客源地为结点、交通线路为连接所形成的占据一定空间范围的网络.并用结点数、α指数、β指数、γ指数、平均径路长等拓扑参数对旅游网络结构进行了拓扑分析.最后探讨了旅游网络结构模式研究的实用意义.

The spatial network model of tourism system is discerned and analyzed in this paper. Since Leiper developed a definition of tourism using the systems methodology, there are a few of different definitions of tourism system presented by scholars inside or outside the country. But all those definition made a wrong in taking the tourist industry or its components as a subsystem of tourism system. Still using the systems methodology, a new definition of tourism system is put forward in part one. The elements of the system are destination, origins and travel route. Those elements are arranged in spatial and functional connections. Having the characteristics of an open system, the tourism system is the spatial pattern of tourist flows or the process of the tourist activities. There are two sections in part two. Section one advances that the spatial model of tourism system is a network composed of two types of nodes, destination and origins connected by travel route links centered with destination place. The characteristics of the model are described using six spatial elements for geographical model of P.Haggett. The six spatial elements are movement, path, node, nodal structure, field and, pervasion. The movement refers to the tourists moving in the network from different origin places to the destination along different transits routes. Path is the transits routes that tourists use. Nodes are the origins and destination. Nodal structure refers to the different origins that generate different mounts of tourists. Field refers to the spatial scope of the tourism system decided by the attractions of the destination. Pervasion refers to the field that is changing by the time. Section two analyzes the topological properties of the tourism network using several indexes such as β,α,γ indexes and the shortest path matrix. The values of those indexes and the shortest path matrix of the network in figure 1 are calculated separately. Those indexes give a way to estimate the network quantitatively. At the end part, the applications of the spatial network model in several areas and at many levels of analysis is discussed in details. In academic research it can serve as a reference point for general and specific studies. In the business world, the model and those indexes can be used in research for the tourist marketing, destination’s accessibility appraising, spatial competition analyzing of tourist places, tourism planning and, tourist industry developing. Further detailed work on the model of tourism system is studied with Jinggangshan town. The spatial network model seems particularly relevant as a guide for tourism planning and assessing the developing policies in some special destination tourist place. In summary, the spatial network model provides governments and planners a valuable approach to tourism policy and tourism planning. Meanwhile, the model is very useful for academic research, especially for synthetic tourism research using systems methodology.