内蒙高原是我国北部的大高原,西起阿拉善高原和鄂尔多斯盆地北部,东止于锡林郭勒高原及呼伦贝尔盆地,面积约140多万平方公里。据考察,全区约有盐湖220多个,是我国盐湖带的主要组成部分。这些盐湖具有数量多、面积小、类型全、成盐期短的特点。在干燥气候影响下,成盐作用强烈,盐类沉积发育,尤以碱湖多为特征,是我国苏打、天然碱资源的主要产地。探索和研究这些盐湖的基本特征和形成演化规律,对揭示高原自然环境特点和盐湖资源的开发利用等都具有现实意义。
Inner-Mongolia plateau is the most widely distributed area of salt lakes in China.It is especially well-known at home and abroad for its great number of alkali lakes.It is a main source of the trona resources of our country.These salt lakes bear the characteristice of large in quantity,complete in types,and short in salt-forming period.This paper is to discuss the physical constituents,hydrochemical characteristics,classification,formation and evolution,and salt-forming regularities of salt lakes in that area through their distribution,lacustrine deposits and salt-forming conditions,etc.Moreover,it also presents some suitable introduction about the resources of salt lakes.
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