棕壤是广泛分布于世界温暖湿润气候区的一种重要森林土类。然而迄今为止,国际土壤学界对棕壤的发生、分类及其与相邻土类的关系等认识尚有一定分歧。为此,根据现有资料,对不同地区的棕壤加以比较,对于进一步认识对棕壤的发生学特点及其分类是有益的。本文仅对欧亚大陆东、西部(以下简称东、西部)的棕壤作一初步比较。共收集约105个棕壤剖面的理化分析数据,从中选择出能较好反映当地生物气候条件的69个剖面(其中,我国冀北山地的三个剖面是笔者采集和化验分析的),就成土条件和主要发生学指标按地区进行比较。

Study was made by analyzing the soil-forming factors as well as the physicaland chemical data of 69 profiles of the brown earths in the eastern and westernregions of Eurasia.It has been found,on the one hand,that the pH,the cation exchangecapacity,the exchangeable Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺ as well as the base saturation perce-ntage in the surface horizons of the brown earths are higher in the westernregion than in the eastern region.It indicates that the leaching in the brownearths is stronger in the western region than in the eastern region which isagreeable with the bioclimatic conditions of both regions.On the other hand,the comparison has shown that the silica-seoquioxide ratio and the absolute valueof the deviation between the calculated content and the determined content in thehorizons with the largest amount of clay particle are higher in the eastern regionthan in the western region.Besides,the rate of silica-seoquioxide ratio between thesurface horizon and parent material (the transport coefficient K)mostly is morethan 1 in the brown earths of the eastern region.It indicates that the seoqui-oxide of iron and aluminium has apparently transported down profiles and thesilica has apparently accumulated in the surface horizons.In my view,it mightbe a relic element in the present brown earths left over during the old soil-forming process.