基于对绅士化现象演变的回顾,对市场转轨时期中国城市绅士化现象的机制和效应进行分析探讨。通过对中国绅士化发生的政治经济背景与动力进行分析,指出政府强有力的干预在3个方面推动着中国城市的绅士化进程:首先,政府通过推行一系列的土地和住房改革,刺激并引导了对中高档住房的需求;第二,政府通过提供优惠政策和对环境和基础设施的投资创造良好的房地产投资环境;第三,政府通过调动土地和房屋等资源克服产权破碎化的问题,以实现大规模的绅士化。在市场转轨时期,中国城市的绅士化现象与西方绅士化现象近期的演变相对应。其特征在于两点:一是政府处于主导地位; 二是低收入人群的利益被忽视,这种政府主导的绅士化往往是以追求经济增长和城市的发展为目的,以对低收入阶层的住房进行大规模的替代为代价;最后对中国绅士化现象带来的负面社会空间效应及可能采取的应对措施进行了探讨。
Based on a review of the mutation of gentrification in the west, this paper examines the mechanism and consequences of China’s emerging gentrification under the background of market transition. Prawing on a detailed anlaysis of China’s political economic transformation in the post-reform era, this study shows that strong state intervention plays an important role in promoting China’s gentrification. This can be seen from three aspects. First, the state stimulates and accommodates the consumption demands of the emerging middle class through launching land and housing reforms. Second, to create optimal conditions for capital circulation, the state makes policy interventions and invests heavily in environment beautification and infrastructure construction. Third, the state mobilizes the most important resources, e.g. land and resettlement housing, to tackle the problem of fragmented property rights and to facilitate gentrification. Under market transition, China’s gentrification resembles its western counterparts, and shows two distinctive characteristics: the state plays a predominant role throughout the gentrification process; the social interests of low-income groups have been overwhelmed by the economic interests of local government and real estate developers. This particular form of state-sponsored gentrification in China is motivated by the pursuit of economic growth and urban development, at the cost of large-scale residential displacement. At the end of this paper, the authors elaborate the negative effects of gentrification in Chinese cities, and discuss possible solutions to overcome these adverse consequences.
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