无锡城市制造业企业区位调整与苏南模式重组
作者简介:袁 丰(1982-),男,江苏无锡人,助理研究员,主要研究方向区域与城市发展。E-mail: fyuan@niglas.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2011-05-24
要求修回日期: 2011-08-20
网络出版日期: 2012-04-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41130750)、林肯土地政策研究院基金项目(CYW010511) 资助
Manufacturing Firms Location Adjustment and the Restructuring of the Sunan Model in Wuxi City
Received date: 2011-05-24
Request revised date: 2011-08-20
Online published: 2012-04-20
Copyright
苏南地域广阔,区域和城市发展路径多样。较多研究关注全球化背景下国家和省级开发区发展带来的苏南模式创新,但是城市化对苏南模式重组影响同样值得关注。基于企业数据的空间分析以及企业访谈和问卷调查资料,从制造业企业进入和退出的角度,考察无锡市南长区在从乡镇企业典型发育地区(郊区)转变为城区过程中的产业升级和空间格局调整过程。研究表明:南长区制造业经历了产权重组、结构重组和空间重组三个过程,呈现出中小高新技术企业为主、空间上高度集中等城市化特征。政府表现出明显的“企业化”倾向,与传统苏南模式中直接介入企业经营不同,地方政府通过规划调控以及开发区建设、税收等金融刺激政策和措施影响企业区位行为,从而推动城市产业结构的转型升级和空间再集聚。
袁丰 , 魏也华 , 陈雯 , 郭垚 . 无锡城市制造业企业区位调整与苏南模式重组[J]. 地理科学, 2012 , 32(4) : 401 -408 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.04.401
The Sunan model attributes the development of Sunan (Southern Jiangsu) to the local state-directed township and village enterprises (TVEs). However, with intensifying global competition in China, since the early 1990s Sunan has moved “beyond the Sunan model” through privatization and the infusion of global capital, especially Taiwanese investment. However, Sunan shows a great diversity of evolution in the development and restructuring. The research on Sunan deals largely with the development of peri-urban areas represented by national or provincial development zones, rather than the evolution of the Sunan model. This article investigates economic restructuring and industrial location in Wuxi city, especially the Nanchang district, to better understand the remaking of Sunan model and spatial change. The paper analyzed how the manufacturing firm migration and new firm locational choice influenced industrial upgrading and spatial patterns as well as the impact of the government on regional transformation. This study based on the spatial analysis of a large amount of enterprise data, and questionnaire survey and interviews of local officials and company managers. The results showed that the manufacturing industry in Nanchang had experienced changes in property rights, structure and space successively under the promotion of economic transformation and urbanization. The manufacturing industry had exhibited some characteristics of urbanization obviously, such as endogenous development chiefly through high-tech advancement and highly concentrated in industrial parks. The government applied regulatory planning and financial policies such as development zone construction, tax and so on to gradually move out the traditional manufacture with high-pollution and low-added value and attract high-tech enterprises. What governments do in this process is very different from what they did in the traditional Sunan model, which was to step in business of enterprise directly. However, there are many new challenges both the local government and manufacturing firms must face, including the shortage of highly skilled labor, the unemployment of lower skilled workers, and the relocation of the manufacturing enterprises from urban zones into industrial parks.
Key words: restructuring of Sunan model; locational choice; firm relocation; urbanization; Wuxi
Fig.1 The analytical frame图1 理论分析框架 |
Fig.2 The location of Nanchang district图2 南长区位置 |
Table 1 Profile of surveyed firms in Nanchang district表1 南长区调查企业基本情况 |
指标 | 分类 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
建立年份 | 1992年以前 | 1992~1996年 | 1997~2000年 | 2000年以后 | ||
4(6.67) | 8 (13.33) | 10 (16.67) | 38 (63.33) | |||
企业类型 | 国有企业 | 集体企业 | 股份合作企业 | 民营企业 | 中外合资企业 | 外资企业 |
0 (0.00) | 1 (1.67) | 7 (11.67) | 41 (68.33) | 7 (11.67) | 4(6.67) | |
总部城市 | 香港 | 日本 | 北京 | 深圳 | 无锡 | 未作答 |
1 (3.45) | 3 (10.34) | 1 (3.45) | 1 (3.45) | 23 (79.31) | 31(--) | |
总资产 | < 1百万元 | 1~5百万元 | 5~10百万元 | 10~25百万元 | >25百万元 | 未作答 |
3 (6.38) | 14 (29.79) | 5 (10.64) | 12 (25.53) | 13 (27.66) | 13 (--) | |
总职工人数 | 0~20人 | 20~50人 | 50~100人 | >100人 | 未作答 | |
13 (22.81) | 18 (31.58) | 11 (19.30) | 15 (26.32) | 3 (--) |
注:根据问卷整理。括号外数字表示该类企业数量,括号内数字表示该类企业占所有作答企业的比重(%)。 |
Table 2 Sector composition of surveyed firms in Nanchang district表2 南长区受访企业行业构成 |
行业 | 企业数(个) | 行业 | 企业数(个) |
---|---|---|---|
专用设备制造业(精密机械) | 27 | 仪器仪表及文化、办公用机械制造业 | 1 |
纺织服装、鞋、帽制造业 | 6 | 电气机械及器材制造业 | 1 |
交通运输设备制造业 | 5 | 化学原料及化学制品制造业 | 1 |
金属制品业 | 4 | 医药制造业 | 1 |
化学纤维制造业 | 3 | 黑色金属冶炼及延压加工业 | 1 |
通讯设备、计算机及其他电子设备 | 3 | 非金属矿物制品业 | 1 |
印刷业、记录媒介的复制 | 2 | 物流业 | 1 |
家具制造业 | 2 | 软件 | 1 |
注:根据问卷整理。 |
Fig.3 Kernel density of estimation of manufacturing firms in 1985, 2004 and 2008图3 1985年、2004年和2008年南长区制造业企业核密度估计 |
Fig.4 Built-up expansion of Nanchang district图4 南长区建成区扩展 |
Table 3 Impact factors of surveyed firms location decision in Nanchang district表3 南长区调查企业区位选择因素 |
选址无锡的原因 | 企业数(个) | 排序 | 无锡内部选址的原因 | 企业数(个) | 排序 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
区位因素 | 区位因素 | ||||
地理位置优越 | 26 (50) | 3 | 离无锡市中心较近 | 24 (44.4) | 2 |
技术管理人才较多 | 7 (13.5) | 10 | 离机场较近 | 14 (25.9) | 8 |
城市的宜居性 | 7 (13.5) | 10 | 离高速公路互通口较近 | 15 (27.8) | 6 |
当地大学和科研机构与企业配合 | 2 (3.9) | 14 | 离火车站较近 | 4 (7.4) | 10 |
自然环境条件优越 | 10 (18.5) | 9 | |||
经济因素 | 经济因素 | ||||
无锡/长三角市场潜力较大 | 30 (57.7) | 2 | 类似企业集中于此 | 16 (29.6) | 5 |
无锡工业基础设施较好 | 19 (36.5) | 4 | 土地成本或土地使用费较低 | 15 (27.8) | 6 |
主要客户所在地 | 18 (34.6) | 5 | |||
类似企业集中于此 | 17 (32.7) | 6 | |||
离无锡/长三角供应商较近 | 16 (30.8) | 7 | |||
劳动力成本较低 | 7 (13.5) | 10 | |||
专业服务业发达 | 1 (1.9) | 15 | |||
制度因素 | 制度因素 | ||||
创始人是无锡人或曾在无锡任职 | 36 (69.2) | 1 | 位于开发区 | 32 (59.3) | 1 |
政府亲商/效率高 | 9 (17.3) | 8 | 投资促进政策及措施较优惠 | 18 (33.3) | 3 |
投资促进政策及措施较优惠 | 8 (15.4) | 9 | 政府亲商/效率高 | 17 (31.5) | 4 |
语言、文化背景相似 | 4 (7.7) | 13 | 地方政府要求或建议 | 2 (3.7) | 11 |
注:根据问卷整理。括号中的数据表示选择该因素的企业占全部企业的比重(%)。 |
Fig.5 Firm migration in Nanchang district图5 南长区企业迁移 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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