不同土地利用方式下的七里海湿地临界评价研究
作者简介:蔡为民(1970-),男,山东淄博人,博士,副教授,主要从事公共政策分析及湿地资源管理研究。E-mail:157903792@qq.com
收稿日期: 2011-03-09
要求修回日期: 2011-08-22
网络出版日期: 2012-04-20
基金资助
天津市科技支撑项目(08ZCGHHZ00900)资助
Assessment on Critical Criteria of Qilihai Wetland for Different Exploitation
Received date: 2011-03-09
Request revised date: 2011-08-22
Online published: 2012-04-20
Copyright
在“湿地临界”概念的基础上,定性分析了湿地利用与保护的平衡状态,探讨了不同利用方式下的湿地临界的研究步骤,并从基于耕地和河蟹养殖地两种土地利用方式入手,对七里海湿地临界进行了评价。研究表明,通过建立湿地临界模型,从经济效益评价和生态效益的评估入手,对湿地资源利用与保护进行临界分析,可以较好的反映湿地利用的临界状态;采用该方法,七里海湿地耕地利用的年净收益为9 5941.42元/ hm2,净损耗为18 072.75元/ hm2,临界效益(△B)值为77 868.67元/hm2;养殖河蟹的年净效益为21 622.68元/ hm2,净损耗为2 0274元/ hm2,△B值为1 348.68元/ hm2,说明在目前的社会经济发展水平下,耕地和养殖河蟹两种利用方式尚未超出开发利用的临界准则,七里海湿地仍然具有开发潜力。
蔡为民 , 杨世媛 , 汪苏燕 , 周楠 . 不同土地利用方式下的七里海湿地临界评价研究[J]. 地理科学, 2012 , 32(4) : 499 -505 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.04.499
Based on the concept of “wetland criticality” , the qualitative analysis was made in this paper to research on wetland exploitation and reservation optimization, and then the research procedures on the critical criteria of different kinds of used wetland. On the basis of the analyses of the use of cultivated land and the farming of river crab, the paper makes an assessment on criteria of Qilihai Wetland. The theory of exploitation and preservation of Qilihai Wetland means that the net marginal earnings of wetland should not be less than the net marginal losses when wetland is exploited. It can be defined as the equilibrium of utilization and reservation. This theory consists of ecological criteria,economical criteria and social criteria. Ecological criteria means that the basic constraint of economical and social criterion is usually seen as the dynamic constraint. The three aspects are not independent but interactive and restricted mutually, so they form an entirety that should not be separated. This passage also made a preliminary study of utilization and protection criticality of Qilihai Wetland from the perspective that the wetland was used as cultivation and raising crabs. By estimating the value of ecosystem service, the outcome of earnings and losses were calculated by means of the analysis on compatibility of each ecosystem service. The result showed that the way to establish a critical model of wetland and the analysis of economical benefit and ecological benefit could reflect the situation of wetland (utilization of critical situation by analyzing the criticality of wetland used and reserved resource). The net earnings of farmland were 2 231 798.42 yuan/hm2 and the net losses were 18 072.75 yuan/hm2, so the value of ΔB, which was the criteria of exploitation and preservation limitation, was 2 213 725.67 yuan/hm2. The net earnings of crab were 21 622.68 yuan/hm2 and the net losses were 20 274 yuan/hm2, so the value of ΔB, was 1 348.68 yuan/hm2.The preliminary study showed that Qilihai Wetland, exploited as cultivation and raising crab, is not overstepped under the circumstances of current social and economic development and Qilihai Wetland could be exploited potentially in the future.
Fig.1 Location of Qilihai Wetland图1 七里海湿地区域位置示意图 |
Table 1 Area of Qilihai Wetland land use type(2008)表1 七里海湿地土地利用类型及其面积(2008年) |
面积(hm2) | 比重 | |
---|---|---|
耕地 | 68188.24 | 67.22% |
城镇建设用地 | 3087.82 | 3.04% |
农村居民点 | 8004.16 | 7.89% |
水库水面 | 4053.73 | 4.00% |
养殖水面 | 8238.11 | 8.12% |
河流水面 | 5180.42 | 5.11% |
草地 | 4682.45 | 4.62% |
土地总面积 | 101434.93 | 100.00% |
Table 2 Ecological service function of Qilihai Wetland表2 七里海湿地生态服务功能 |
主要功能 | 功能分类 | 湿地功能所发挥的具体作用 |
---|---|---|
水文学功能 | 水资源供应、调蓄洪水 改善小气候 | 水源来源于潮白新河和周边降水,承担蓄水调水的任务,同时,也改善了周边地区的小气候。 |
生物化学功能 | 营养元素循环 | 处于农业发达地区,周边农田大量使用化肥,过量氮素汇流于其中,被生长的水草所吸收、转化,进入水生生物的食物链中;同时可以分解周边居民排放的生活污水。 |
分解废弃物 | ||
生物环境功能 | 物质、原材料生产 | 是七里海最主要的服务功能。在多年的资源开发和利用中,周边居民在七里海湿地中收割芦苇、水草,收获和养殖水产品,发展湿地产业。应用过程主要分为3个阶段:芦苇收割、捕捉野禽和捕捞渔业为主;继而养鱼和其它水产品;当前的土地利用方向则是生物多样性保护和适度养殖。 |
生物多样性保育 | ||
社会文化功能 | 旅游、科研 | 七里海的社会文化功能是在近些年才显现出来的,该区域的休闲娱乐功能受到当地居民的高度重视,利用假日到七里海参观的人数日渐增加。 |
Table 3 Ecological service benefits for cultivated land in Qilihai area表3 七里海耕地生态服务效益 (元/ hm2) |
服务功能类型 | 粮食种植 | 固碳和释放O2 | 控制土壤侵蚀 | 废弃物处理 | 科研 | 干扰调节 | 旅游 | 维持生物多样性 | 合计 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
效益 | 20590 | 3933.62 | 67467 | 3950.80 | -3118.40 | -12229.35 | -384 | -2341 | 77868.67 |
Table 4 Ecological service benefits for raising crab in Qilihai area表4 七里海养殖河蟹区生态服务效益 (元/ hm2) |
服务功能类型 | 养殖河蟹 | 旅游 | 固碳和释放O2 | 科研 | 维持生物多性 | 净化水质 | 供水调水 | 合计 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
效益 | 18000 | 384 | 120.28 | 3118.40 | -2341 | -1231 | -16702 | 1348.68 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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