基于时空路径的城市公交时间可靠性研究
作者简介;胡继华(1971-),男,河南淮滨人,博士,讲师,从事GIS及其在交通中的应用研究。E-mail:hujihua@mail.sysu.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2011-11-30
要求修回日期: 2012-01-26
网络出版日期: 2012-06-20
基金资助
国家863计划项目(2011AA110306)
广东省2011年度安全生产专项资金项目(2011-118)资助
Time Reliability of Urban Public Transportation Using Space-time Path
Received date: 2011-11-30
Request revised date: 2012-01-26
Online published: 2012-06-20
Copyright
胡继华 , 程智锋 , 詹承志 , 陈熹 . 基于时空路径的城市公交时间可靠性研究[J]. 地理科学, 2012 , 32(6) : 673 -679 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.06.673
The time reliability is an important indicator of bus services quality evaluation. The improvement of time reliability has much potential to attract more commuters to public transit and to reduce the congestion through modal shift from cars. The time reliability is one of the space-time characteristics of urban public transportation. At present, there is not much researches on bus service reliability from the time geography perspective. To aim at filling the gap, this article proposes an evaluation approach of time reliability for the urban public transportation in space-time process based on time geography. In this approach, four indexes, one-way punctuality index (OWPI), stability of one-way punctuality index (SOWPI), station punctuality index (SPI), stability of station punctuality index (SSPI), are included. The space-time path, which is a basic concept of time geography, is also used to describe the four indexes as a powerful tool. OWPI and SOWPI are the moderate level indexes to investigate the time reliability of bus line, while SPI and SSPI are the micro indexes for bus stations. In addition, SPI and SSPI are time reliability indexes from the perspective of passengers, and they can also be extended to micro and macro levels. Using GIS and GPS data, space-time paths of buses are formed to calculate the indexes, and 6 bus lines of Guangzhou BRT are given as examples. Moreover, the route length, land use types, period of day and number of stations are considered as influencing factors of time reliability. The relationships between these factors and time reliability are investigated respectively. As to the analysis results, in the same direction of a bus line, the time reliability of bus stations in the upper line is higher than that in downstream. The unreliability accumulation effect can be seen along the bus route. With respect to land use types, a higher reliability in commercial land is indicated, which can be interpreted as that commercial lands, which need better bus service since the commuters in such area, have more time constrains than others. With respect to period of day, the statistical results indicate the lowest reliability is in the morning rush hours since all commuters flock to the transit system at the same time. Meanwhile, a bus line with more bus stations shows lower time reliability as higher stop frequency reduces the arrival accuracy. Recommendations for improving time reliability are proposed in the analysis Recommendations for improving time reliability are proposed in the analysis, which includes rational number (no more than 30) if station of a bus line, and reasonable length of that, and providing better bus services in residential land plus in the morning rush hours.
Key words: time geography; space-time path; Bus; time reliability
Fig. 1 Example of space-time path of bus图1 公交车时空路径示例 |
Fig.2 Space-time path of bus图2 公交车时空路径 |
Fig. 3 Space-time paths of two buses图3 两辆公交的时空路径 |
Table 1 OWPI and SOWPI of each line and period表1 各线路各时段准时度与稳定度 |
线路名 | 早高峰准时度 | 早高峰稳定度 | 晚高峰准时度 | 晚高峰稳定度 | 平峰准时度 | 平峰稳定度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B12方向1 | 0.894 | 0.941 | 0.869 | 0.894 | 0.749 | 0.526 |
B12方向2 | 0.847 | 0.847 | 0.884 | 0.922 | 0.815 | 0.756 |
B22方向1 | 0.929 | 0.934 | 0.931 | 0.968 | 0.850 | 0.834 |
B22方向2 | 0.876 | 0.855 | 0.949 | 0.969 | 0.892 | 0.894 |
B2方向1 | 0.893 | 0.924 | 0.827 | 0.768 | 0.867 | 0.818 |
B2方向2 | 0.850 | 0.865 | 0.864 | 0.905 | 0.841 | 0.820 |
B4A方向1 | 0.085 | 0.905 | 0.066 | 0.416 | 0.665 | 0.886 |
B7方向1 | 0.874 | 0.894 | 0.954 | 0.96 | 0.904 | 0.903 |
B7方向2 | 0.919 | 0.907 | 0.911 | 0.919 | 0.919 | 0.923 |
B7快方向1 | 0.921 | 0.949 | 0.921 | 0.903 | 0.886 | 0.877 |
B7快方向2 | 0.879 | 0.932 | 0.929 | 0.856 | 0.911 | 0.924 |
Fig. 4 SPI of B22 from Wuyang New Town to Guangzhou Science City图4 B22路广州科学城总站方向站点准时度 |
Fig. 5 SSPI of B22 from Wuyang New Town to Guangzhou Science City图5 B22路广州科学城总站方向站点准时稳定度 |
Fig.6 Frequency distribution of SPI图6 站点准时度频数分布图 |
Fig.7 Frequency distribution of SSPI图7 站点准时稳定度频数分布图 |
Table 2 Indexes of different land use types表2 不同用地类型可靠性相关指标 |
用地类型 | 早高峰准时度 | 早高峰稳定度 | 晚高峰准时度 | 晚高峰稳定度 | 平峰准时度 | 平峰稳定度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
商业用地 | 0.47 | 0.915 | 0.533 | 0.928 | 0.49 | 0.936 |
居住用地 | 0.417 | 0.92 | 0.445 | 0.926 | 0.447 | 0.938 |
混合型用地 | 0.448 | 0.92 | 0.472 | 0.923 | 0.456 | 0.937 |
Fig. 8 Relationship between station number and OWPI图8 单程准时度与站点数关系 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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