中国中、东部典型省会和县域土壤与土地利用多样性关联的对比研究
作者简介: 段金龙(1984- ), 男, 河南民权人, 博士研究生, 主要从事地理信息和资源遥感研究。E-mail: 215385212@qq.com
收稿日期: 2012-01-08
要求修回日期: 2012-04-06
网络出版日期: 2013-02-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41171177, 40671012)资助
Comparison of Pedodiversity and Land Use Diversity Correlative Analysis Between Typical Provincial Capitals and Counties in East and Central China
Received date: 2012-01-08
Request revised date: 2012-04-06
Online published: 2013-02-20
Copyright
分别选取河南省、江苏省省会城市郑州市和南京市,以及典型县域原阳县和如皋市,将土壤多样性理论与方法应用于土壤和土地利用关联性评价中,对上述不同级别行政区域的不同时期(1986~1988年、2000~2001年、2004~2006年)遥感数据进行土地利用分类,计算了土壤和土地利用类型的构成组分多样性以及3 km×3 km网格尺度下的空间分布多样性,提出并计算了各研究区典型土壤和土地利用之间的关联系数,以此评价了河南省和江苏省典型区域的土壤和土地利用构成及分布特征。研究结果表明,20世纪80年代至本世纪初,中东部之间和省会与县域之间的土地利用构成组分多样性变化和空间分布多样性变化具有明显区别;城镇建筑用地的空间分布离散性增加,南京市的增加量为0.135,略高于郑州市增量,而原阳县增加量为0.244,明显高于如皋市增量;典型土壤同城镇建筑用地、交通运输用地和工矿仓储用地之间的关联性均不断增加,南京市的上述关联系数增加值高于郑州市,两县域无明显区别。
段金龙 , 张学雷 . 中国中、东部典型省会和县域土壤与土地利用多样性关联的对比研究[J]. 地理科学, 2013 , 33(2) : 195 -202 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.02.195
Two typical provincial capitals (Zhengzhou and Nanjing) and counties (Yuanyang and Rugao) in central (Henan Province) and east (Jiangsu Province) China were chosen respectively as the comparative cases for pedodiversity and land use diversity correlative analysis by borrowing the recently developed pedodiversity theory and methods in soil geography field. Land use classification was worked out using remote sensing images in different times (1986~1988, 2000~2001, 2004~2006) for these studied areas before the calculation of the constituent diversity index and spatial distribution diversity index in 3 km×3 km grid scale of each soil and land use pattern were conducted and a connection index was proposed to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use pattern of the studied provincial capitals and counties. Results show that during the years from 1980s to the beginning of this century, the changes of composition and spatial distribution pattern of central and east China had significant differences. The spatial distribution diversity of urban construction land of the case areas all increased in which Nanjing was a little bit higher than Zhengzhou, Yuanyang was significantly higher than Rugao. The connection index of typical soil and typical urban land uses (urban construction land, transportation land and industrial and mining area) all increased in this period during which Nanjing was higher than Zhengzhou, Yuanyang was almost the same as Rugao. The introduction of diversity theory and methods to land resources evaluation was made in this study, by exploring the similarities and differences in the intrinsic link and urbanization characteristics between soil and land use in central and east China in different times and space spans, this study figured that the urbanization of Jiangsu Province in east China took place earlier and developed faster than Henan Province in central China, and the urbanization process of Nanjing was the most obvious one.
Fig.1 Land use classification of Zhengzhou and Nanjing图1 郑州市和南京市土地利用分类 |
Fig.2 Land use classification of Yuanyang and Rugao图2 原阳县和如皋市土地利用分类 |
Table 1 Land use classification of each case area (km2)表1 研究区土地利用分类 |
研究对象 | 总面积 | 研究时期 | 自然绿地 | 水域及水利设施用地 | 农用地 | 城镇建筑用地 | 交通运输用地 | 工矿仓储用地 | 其他用地 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
郑州市 | 7605.03 | ① | 506.98 | 307.89 | 6417.09 | 200.43 | 64.30 | 4.22 | 104.12 |
② | 482.52 | 264.92 | 6309.27 | 414.85 | 92.80 | 13.18 | 27.48 | ||
③ | 573.39 | 302.16 | 6044.90 | 531.09 | 96.32 | 21.09 | 36.07 | ||
南京市 | 6568.02 | ① | 593.13 | 478.49 | 5292.60 | 159.28 | 3.97 | 31.72 | 8.83 |
② | 865.59 | 668.06 | 4674.14 | 281.25 | 25.79 | 48.93 | 4.26 | ||
③ | 843.52 | 673.18 | 4396.62 | 517.98 | 33.26 | 100.95 | 2.50 | ||
原阳县 | 1324.69 | ① | 5.19 | 83.10 | 1119.45 | 18.87 | 5.05 | 0.15 | 92.88 |
② | 3.43 | 67.26 | 1156.42 | 65.14 | 8.51 | 0.13 | 23.79 | ||
③ | 5.46 | 66.58 | 1110.08 | 107.43 | 14.69 | 0.60 | 19.85 | ||
如皋市 | 1497.26 | ① | 0.18 | 292.66 | 1184.97 | 14.95 | 3.14 | 0.01 | 1.35 |
② | 0.65 | 73.25 | 1375.54 | 39.66 | 5.27 | 0.03 | 2.85 | ||
③ | 11.56 | 40.30 | 1387.41 | 48.77 | 8.17 | 0.61 | 0.44 |
Table 2 Composition distribution diversity of soil and land use表2 土壤和土地利用构成组分多样性 |
研究区 | 土壤类型个数(个) | 土壤构成组分多样性 | 土地利用构成组分多样性 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
① | ② | ③ | |||
郑州市 | 51 | 0.779 | 0.335 | 0.355 | 0.405 |
南京市 | 32 | 0.738 | 0.366 | 0.483 | 0.545 |
原阳县 | 14 | 0.732 | 0.312 | 0.277 | 0.329 |
如皋市 | 7 | 0.582 | 0.293 | 0.184 | 0.180 |
Table 3 Spatial distribution diversity of the soils in Zhengzhou and Nanjing表3 郑州市和南京市土壤空间分布多样性 |
郑州市 | 南京市 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤类型 | 总面积 (km2) | 3 km网格Yh | 土壤类型 | 总面积 (km2) | 3 km网格Yh | 土壤类型 | 总面积 (km2) | 3 km网格Yh | 土壤类型 | 总面积 (km2) | 3 km网格Yh |
暗矿质褐土性土 | 6.576 | 0.163 | 灰冲积土 | 41.574 | 0.368 | 暗色土属 | 64.638 | 0.518 | 卵石砂土 | 52.076 | 0.495 |
白浆化棕壤 | 4.308 | 0.114 | 灰红粘土 | 146.872 | 0.568 | 板浆白土 | 569.113 | 0.705 | 麻砂土属 | 15.712 | 0.348 |
半固定草甸风砂土 | 34.239 | 0.377 | 灰紫土 | 56.956 | 0.441 | 菜园黄土 | 50.155 | 0.458 | 马肝土属 | 1800.871 | 0.877 |
底砂两合土 | 76.127 | 0.473 | 立黄土 | 791.960 | 0.729 | 菜园淤土 | 71.470 | 0.445 | 青肝土属 | 42.734 | 0.520 |
钙质粗骨土 | 66.310 | 0.446 | 两合土 | 117.852 | 0.540 | 草渣土 | 77.964 | 0.441 | 青泥白土 | 51.817 | 0.450 |
钙质褐土性土 | 222.219 | 0.615 | 流动草甸风砂土 | 6.253 | 0.221 | 岗黄土属 | 292.866 | 0.734 | 青泥条土 | 130.532 | 0.567 |
钙质淋溶褐土 | 69.594 | 0.435 | 麻砂质褐土性土 | 78.742 | 0.452 | 河沙土属 | 31.393 | 0.413 | 青泥土属 | 54.514 | 0.420 |
钙质石质土 | 5.470 | 0.160 | 麻砂质淋溶褐土 | 5.555 | 0.147 | 河淤土属 | 532.520 | 0.719 | 沙土属 | 63.974 | 0.495 |
固定草甸风砂土 | 313.987 | 0.671 | 泥质淋溶褐土 | 13.743 | 0.253 | 红砂土属 | 8.707 | 0.321 | 山黑土属 | 23.339 | 0.408 |
灌淤潮土 | 128.898 | 0.520 | 壤砂湿潮土 | 25.923 | 0.340 | 黄刚土属 | 813.792 | 0.864 | 山红土属 | 91.469 | 0.548 |
硅质粗骨土 | 79.797 | 0.504 | 砂姜红土性土 | 14.928 | 0.251 | 黄红土属 | 18.629 | 0.352 | 山沙土属 | 19.335 | 0.430 |
硅质褐土性土 | 203.873 | 0.617 | 砂姜立黄土 | 13.941 | 0.290 | 黄砂土属 | 227.031 | 0.655 | 蒜瓣土 | 19.578 | 0.358 |
硅质淋溶褐土 | 50.890 | 0.400 | 砂砾褐土 | 3.788 | 0.158 | 鸡屎土属 | 28.498 | 0.316 | 滩土 | 8.977 | 0.307 |
硅质石质土 | 45.805 | 0.424 | 砂砾褐土性土 | 150.874 | 0.543 | 江沙土属 | 40.767 | 0.418 | 乌栅土属 | 101.595 | 0.429 |
硅质棕壤 | 11.198 | 0.233 | 砂砾淋溶褐土 | 7.658 | 0.239 | 江淤土属 | 335.890 | 0.645 | 淤土属 | 129.939 | 0.573 |
硅质棕壤性土 | 28.179 | 0.300 | 砂砾石灰性褐土 | 45.733 | 0.349 | 栗色土属 | 256.172 | 0.636 | 紫红土 | 39.954 | 0.447 |
褐土性土 | 618.015 | 0.715 | 砂泥质粗骨土 | 13.590 | 0.230 | ||||||
红褐土 | 13.919 | 0.251 | 砂泥质褐土性土 | 34.631 | 0.388 | ||||||
红石灰性褐土 | 7.372 | 0.150 | 砂土 | 1108.362 | 0.796 | ||||||
红土性土 | 29.269 | 0.387 | 石灰性褐土 | 818.982 | 0.743 | ||||||
红粘土 | 14.988 | 0.292 | 脱潮两合土 | 33.445 | 0.351 | ||||||
黄砂潮褐土 | 289.445 | 0.617 | 脱潮砂土 | 71.424 | 0.485 | ||||||
黄砂潮土 | 9.647 | 0.229 | 小两合土 | 240.379 | 0.596 | ||||||
黄砂褐土 | 250.195 | 0.542 | 盐化潮土 | 40.559 | 0.426 | ||||||
黄砂褐土性土 | 490.631 | 0.735 | 淤土 | 45.924 | 0.434 | ||||||
黄砂石灰性褐土 | 194.601 | 0.568 |
Table 4 Spatial distribution diversity of the soils in Yuanyang and Rugao表4 原阳县和如皋市土壤空间分布多样性 |
原阳县 | 如皋市 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤类型 | 总面积 (km2) | 3 km网格Yh | 土壤类型 | 总面积 (km2) | 3 km网格Yh | 土壤类型 | 总面积 (km2) | 3 km网格Yh | 土壤类型 | 总面积 (km2) | 3 km网格Yh |
半固定草甸风砂土 | 13.251 | 0.405 | 壤砂湿潮土 | 13.070 | 0.284 | 菜园土 | 3.093 | 0.161 | 夹沙土 | 421.546 | 0.836 |
草甸盐土 | 3.631 | 0.000 | 砂土 | 266.971 | 0.796 | 潮沙土 | 105.624 | 0.559 | 泡沙土 | 4.011 | 0.294 |
底砂两合土 | 2.575 | 0.237 | 脱潮两合土 | 52.111 | 0.548 | 高沙土 | 816.334 | 0.888 | 淤泥土 | 0.936 | 0.024 |
底粘脱潮砂土 | 30.356 | 0.421 | 小两合土 | 407.709 | 0.875 | 灰泥土 | 142.051 | 0.622 | |||
固定草甸风砂土 | 20.362 | 0.424 | 盐化潮土 | 81.111 | 0.623 | ||||||
灌淤潮土 | 159.119 | 0.709 | 腰砂两合土 | 18.591 | 0.392 | ||||||
两合土 | 151.144 | 0.770 | 淤土 | 15.079 | 0.396 |
Table 5 Spatial distribution diversity of land use of each case area表5 研究区土地利用空间分布多样性 |
土地利用类型 | 郑州市 ① | 郑州市 ② | 郑州市 ③ | 南京市 ① | 南京市 ② | 南京市 ③ | 原阳县 ① | 原阳县 ② | 原阳县 ③ | 如皋市 ① | 如皋市 ② | 如皋市 ③ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
自然绿地 | 0.682 | 0.682 | 0.710 | 0.788 | 0.838 | 0.832 | 0.351 | 0.343 | 0.378 | 0.000 | 0.262 | 0.341 |
水域及水利设施用地 | 0.798 | 0.795 | 0.799 | 0.796 | 0.848 | 0.839 | 0.856 | 0.868 | 0.834 | 0.963 | 0.955 | 0.929 |
农用地 | 0.980 | 0.981 | 0.979 | 0.975 | 0.969 | 0.965 | 0.963 | 0.971 | 0.970 | 0.972 | 0.972 | 0.971 |
城镇建筑用地 | 0.626 | 0.707 | 0.744 | 0.595 | 0.673 | 0.730 | 0.631 | 0.811 | 0.875 | 0.454 | 0.560 | 0.560 |
交通运输用地 | 0.854 | 0.889 | 0.890 | 0.436 | 0.682 | 0.716 | 0.720 | 0.804 | 0.847 | 0.577 | 0.693 | 0.738 |
工矿仓储用地 | 0.460 | 0.609 | 0.598 | 0.552 | 0.607 | 0.677 | 0.083 | 0.070 | 0.371 | 0.129 | 0.184 | 0.227 |
其他用地 | 0.561 | 0.516 | 0.518 | 0.428 | 0.447 | 0.288 | 0.661 | 0.599 | 0.581 | 0.073 | 0.209 | 0.234 |
Table 6 Connection index between typical soil and land use types表6 典型土壤与土地利用关联系数 |
研究区 | 时期 | 自然绿地 | 水域及水利设施用地 | 农用地 | 城镇建筑用地 | 交通运输用地 | 工矿仓储用地 | 其他用地 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
郑州市典型土壤 | ① | 0.294 | 0.804 | 0.892 | 0.675 | 0.784 | 0.000 | 0.310 |
② | 0.332 | 0.787 | 0.889 | 0.683 | 0.805 | 0.215 | 0.267 | |
③ | 0.341 | 0.805 | 0.886 | 0.732 | 0.816 | 0.340 | 0.286 | |
南京市典型土壤 | ① | 0.850 | 0.879 | 0.945 | 0.694 | 0.376 | 0.598 | 0.000 |
② | 0.864 | 0.919 | 0.945 | 0.764 | 0.790 | 0.605 | 0.245 | |
③ | 0.844 | 0.893 | 0.939 | 0.818 | 0.816 | 0.671 | 0.000 | |
原阳县典型土壤 | ① | 0.392 | 0.894 | 0.951 | 0.725 | 0.764 | 0.000 | 0.616 |
② | 0.220 | 0.866 | 0.946 | 0.875 | 0.818 | 0.000 | 0.342 | |
③ | 0.148 | 0.833 | 0.945 | 0.918 | 0.857 | 0.226 | 0.346 | |
如皋市典型土壤 | ① | 0.000 | 0.955 | 0.953 | 0.475 | 0.706 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
② | 0.000 | 0.944 | 0.954 | 0.581 | 0.806 | 0.220 | 0.221 | |
③ | 0.521 | 0.937 | 0.953 | 0.606 | 0.840 | 0.386 | 0.000 |
Fig.3 Connection index between typical soil and urbanization element in each case area图3 各研究区典型土壤与城市化要素关联系数 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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