甘南藏族自治州是江河上游重要水源涵养区和生态屏障。草场"三化"严重,森林遭到破坏,水资源日益紧张,生物多样性锐减,水土流失加剧。其原因主要是脆弱的自然环境基础上,人类对自然资源不合理利用的结果。生态恶化严重制约着农牧业的发展。生态建设和农牧业发展,必须贯彻可持续发展战略,树立生态经济思想,追求生态效益和经济效益有机结合,探索符合高寒生态规律的资源利用方式和地域农牧业体系。最后,从治理草场"三化"、建设牲畜集中育肥基地、建立有效的生态建设机制、依靠科技、调整农牧业地域结构、发展特色农牧业和推动产业化与城镇化进程等6个方面,提出了对策建议。

Gannan Tibet autonomous prefecture is situated in the southwest part of Gansu Province and the transition zone among Tibet Plateau, Loess plateau and west Qinling Mountains, where the average altitude is 3 000 m. It has an area of 45,000 km² and a population of 670,000. The area is an important water resources conserving area and an ecological protective screen area in upper reaches of Yangtze and Yellow rivers. However, there are many serious eco-environmental problems in this area at the present time: the fearful degeneration, desertification and salinization of grasslands, the tremendous forest destruction by human hag, and subsequent low forest coverage, the obvious shortage of water resources, the quick decrease of bio-diversity, and the increasing water and soil erosion. All of these are caused by both natural and human factors. Facing above problems, it is necessary for sustainable developmental strategy and eco-economic idea to be established in human economic activity of the area so as to combine ecological efficiency organically with economic efficiency, and to search for a rational resources utilization ways and a locality livestock farming and agriculture development model which would well adapt to local ecological laws. Thus the corresponding countermeasures to this area are suggested as follows: (1) controlling eco-environments by laying stress on managing the degeneration, desertification and salinization of grasslands, and implementing enclosure treatment and rotational grazing in pasturing region; (2) utilizing the local forage and grass resources reasonably by building and collocating some livestock fattening bases; (3) innovating the institution of grassland use and livestock farming management by advancing grassland circulation through the forms of subcontract, rent, sublet, exchange and co-management, promoting grassland and livestock to be transferred to people or groups who well understand the livestock farming technology and management method, enlarging livestock farming management scale, and founding an effectual ecological construction mechanism; (4) enhancing the scientific and technological contents for eco-environmental construction and livestock farming and agriculture development by developing and introducing some applicable technology such as selection and breeding of superior species for livestock, control of rodent damage and insect pest, and the grass-crop rotation system in soil and water loss region. (5) adjusting traditional territorial structure of agriculture and optimizing land use form according to spatial ecology differentiation regularity; (6) exploiting superiors resources to develop special livestock farming and agriculture, pushing forward the process of rural urbanization and the industrialization for livestock farming and agriculture.