60年来洞庭湖区进出湖径流特征分析
作者简介:胡光伟(1983-),男,河南固始人,博士研究生,主要从事湖泊水资源与水环境、水旱灾害、水土资源利用等研究。E-mail:huguangwei5188@163.com
收稿日期: 2013-04-08
要求修回日期: 2013-06-10
网络出版日期: 2013-08-16
基金资助
2012年湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2012B210)、2012年度高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20124306110009)、湖南省重点学科建设项目(2011001)资助
Analysis on the Runoff Characteristics in and Out Dongting Lake in Recent 60 Years
Received date: 2013-04-08
Request revised date: 2013-06-10
Online published: 2013-08-16
Copyright
采用集中度与集中期、M-K趋势检验法、变差系数法等方法对洞庭湖入湖径流河流(荆江三口、湖南四水)和出湖径流(城陵矶)年径流量序列进行分析。结果显示:① 洞庭湖区径流集中期为每年6~7月份,最大径流出现时间为6月底7月初;径流集中期合成向量方向介于103.2~190.2°之间,均能够反映各河流进出湖径流量最大值出现的月份。② 径流变差系数介于0.194~0.761之间,说明径流年际变率大。各河流径流极值比均在0.6以上,径流量衰减较为明显。③ 从径流的丰枯交替规律来看,湖南四水水量分配相对较为平均。荆江三口以藕池口丰水年和枯水年概率最大,分别占到32.79%和57.38%,径流年际变化较为剧烈,不利于水资源的合理利用。
胡光伟 , 毛德华 , 李正最 , 田朝晖 , 冯畅 . 60年来洞庭湖区进出湖径流特征分析[J]. 地理科学, 2014 , 34(1) : 89 -96 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.01.89
In order to explore the runoff change characteristics in and out of the Dongting Lake Basin, using the annual runoff time series data, time series analysis was performed for nine stream flow gauging stations located at the main rivers of three outlets and Four Rivers (Xiang River, Zi River, Yuan River and Li River) in the Dongting Lake. The concentration degree and concentration period, Mann-Kendall trend test method, variation coefficient method and the runoff anomaly percentage were performed to analysis the annual runoff series of the main control hydrological station in Dongting Lake Area. The results showed that: ① The runoff concentration period of Dongting Lake Area mainly concentrated in June-July of each year, and the maximum runoff time is the end of June and early July. The flood occurred mainly in mid to late July. Runoff period synthetic vector directions are ranged from 103.2° to 190.2°, which can reflect the maximum runoff of the rivers in and out of the lake. The concentration period was in consistent with the actual runoff during the year distribution statistics. ② There is great variation of yearly runoff, with variation coefficient ranging from 0.194 to 0.761. It tells that the runoff stability is poorer. The ratios of extreme values are all above 0.6, and river runoff attenuation is more obvious. ③ Judging from the alternation regularity of runoff, frequency of enormously wet and dry year of Four Rivers Basin is lower than that of normal hydrological year. Namely, the frequency of normal hydrological year is relatively low in Four Rivers Basin. Frequency of enormously wet and dry year of Ouchikou is relatively high, accounted for 32.79% and 57.38% respectively. The interannual variation of runoff is relatively severe, which is not conducive to the rational use of water resources. It also implies that Dongting Lake Area is more frequent to encounter drought and flood disasters. Above conclusions show that the flood of the Dongting Lake is the emergence of flood the three outlets and Four Rivers Basin. But the flood is also controlled by the flood from the upper and middle reaches of Changjiang River. The long-term trend changes of stream runoff are controlled by the variation of climate changes, and impact caused by human activities and water conservancy project construction.
Fig.1 Location of the study area图 1 研究区域 |
Table 1 Statistic characteristics of annual runoff in and out Dongting Lake表1 洞庭湖进出湖径流年内分配特征统计值 |
水文站 | 时段(年) | 集中度(%) | 合成向量方向(°) | 所在月份 | 相对变化幅度(108m3) | 绝对变化幅度(108m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
新江口 | 1955~2011 | 66.9 | 175.4 | 7月 | 166.8 | 70.0 |
沙道观 | 1955~2011 | 75.1 | 181.1 | 7月 | 639.9 | 28.6 |
弥陀寺 | 1955~2011 | 69.3 | 179.6 | 7月 | 362.0 | 36.9 |
康家岗 | 1955~2011 | 85.2 | 190.2 | 7月 | / | 7.3 |
管家铺 | 1955~2011 | 75.3 | 178.9 | 7月 | 2626.3 | 80.4 |
湘潭 | 1956~2011 | 38.2 | 106.5 | 5月 | 5.0 | 91.1 |
桃江 | 1956~2011 | 32.2 | 103.2 | 5月 | 3.8 | 25.8 |
桃源 | 1956~2011 | 41.0 | 145.3 | 6月 | 6.1 | 94.8 |
石门 | 1956~2011 | 43.7 | 180.4 | 7月 | 8.9 | 24.5 |
城陵矶 | 1951~2011 | 37.8 | 170.1 | 7月 | 6.7 | 402.5 |
“/”为断流情况,径流量为0。 |
Fig.2 Monthly distribution characteristics of main rivers´runoff in and out Dongting Lake图2 洞庭湖进出湖各河流主要控制站径流量年内分配统计 |
Table 2 Average and variation coefficient of rivers in and out Dongting Lake(unit:108m3)表2 洞庭湖进出湖各主要控制站径流均值和变差系数(108m3) |
水文站 | 统计年份(年) | 多年平均值 | 年最大值 | 年份 | 年最小值 | 年份 | Cv | 极值比 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
湘潭 | 1951~2011 | 654 | 1035 | 1994 | 281 | 1963 | 0.251 | 0.73 |
桃江 | 1951~2011 | 227 | 372 | 1954 | 103 | 1956 | 0.229 | 0.72 |
桃源 | 1951~2011 | 636 | 1030 | 1954 | 379 | 2011 | 0.194 | 0.63 |
石门 | 1951~2011 | 146 | 264 | 1954 | 83 | 1992 | 0.277 | 0.69 |
松滋口 | 1951~2011 | 409 | 750 | 1954 | 119 | 2006 | 0.272 | 0.84 |
太平口 | 1951~2011 | 155 | 270 | 1954 | 34 | 2006 | 0.333 | 0.87 |
藕池口 | 1951~2011 | 333 | 1156 | 1954 | 29.12 | 2006 | 0.761 | 0.97 |
Fig.3 The M-K trend analysis of Four Rivers runoff of Hunan Province图3 湖南四水径流量M-K趋势分析 |
Fig.4 The M-K trend analysis of runoff of three outlets and Chenglingji图4 荆江三口和城陵矶径流量M-K趋势分析 |
Fig.5 Percentage of runoff anomaly in Dongting Lake图5 洞庭湖进出湖主要控制站年径流距平百分率 |
Table 3 Runoff classified statistics of main hydrological stations in Dongting Lake (unit:a)表3 洞庭湖进出湖主要水文站年径流分级统计(单位:a) |
水文站 | 丰水年 | 偏丰年 | 平水年 | 偏枯年 | 枯水年 | 水文站 | 丰水年 | 偏丰年 | 平水年 | 偏枯年 | 枯水年 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
松滋口 | 13 | 7 | 20 | 6 | 15 | 湘潭站 | 14 | 7 | 14 | 11 | 15 |
太平口 | 15 | 6 | 14 | 11 | 15 | 桃江站 | 8 | 9 | 25 | 6 | 13 |
藕池口 | 20 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 35 | 桃源站 | 10 | 9 | 22 | 12 | 8 |
城陵矶 | 9 | 10 | 23 | 10 | 9 | 石门站 | 16 | 3 | 17 | 9 | 16 |
Fig. 6 Percentage of runoff cumulative anomaly in Dongting Lake图6 洞庭湖进出湖主要控制站年径流累积距平百分数 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |