基于ARMA模型的沈阳经济区经济与环境协调发展研究
作者简介:韩瑞玲(1984-),女,河北文安人,博士,讲师,主要从事区域规划与开发研究。E-mail:hrl309@163.com
收稿日期: 2012-12-22
要求修回日期: 2013-02-03
网络出版日期: 2013-11-18
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(41301122)、河北省教育厅自然科学研究项目(QN20131024)、河北省科技厅软科学项目(12457202D-54)资助
The Coordinated Development of Economy and Environment Based on ARMA Model in Shenyang Economic Zone
Received date: 2012-12-22
Request revised date: 2013-02-03
Online published: 2013-11-18
Copyright
选择自回归移动平均模型(ARMA),对沈阳经济区2009~2015年经济、环境指标进行了短期预测,并选择耦合协调度模型模拟了该区经济与环境协调发展的耦合作用关系。预测结果表明,ARMA模型预测误差相对较小,预测效果良好。沈阳经济区经济类指标总体呈现不断增长的趋势;各环境类指标,原正向指标(指标越大越好)均有不同程度增长,原负向指标(指标越小越好)则有不同程度的下降。但是沈阳经济区的经济与环境耦合度自2010年开始呈现下降趋势,即仍然存在着经济发展与环境恶化之间的矛盾,说明经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾总是处于由缓和向尖锐的循环发展过程。
韩瑞玲 , 佟连军 , 朱绍华 , 路紫 . 基于ARMA模型的沈阳经济区经济与环境协调发展研究[J]. 地理科学, 2014 , 34(1) : 32 -39 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.01.32
The short-term forecasts on economic and environmental indicators of Shenyang Economic Zone in 2009-2015 were made by choosing ARMA model. Then, the coupling relationship between economy and environment was simulated using coupling coordinate model. The ARMA model is one of the most popular time series models currently and requires a large sum of data with a minimum of 50 samples. In accordance with the principles and modeling steps of time series analysis, this article compared the pros and cons among models by model order determination, established the optimal ARMA forecasting model of economic development and environmental transformation respectively. It was found that, the predicted error of ARMA model was smaller and the effect was better. The economic indicators of the study area kept growing. The environmental indicators also gave a good trend with the positive indicators growing and the negative ones decreasing in various degrees. However, the coupling degree between economy and environment represented a declining tendency from 2010 which was mainly owing to the intensified environmental pressure from fast economic growth. The result told that there was still contradiction between economic development and environmental degradation and the contradiction kept circulating from ease to sharp and backward constantly. This research provided practical value for the management and adjustment of the contradiction between economy and environment in Shenyang Economic Zone. The coordinated development degree was directly affected by the scale of economic development and level of environmental construction. Thus, in order to improve the sustainability of economic development in Shenyang Economic Zone in the future, the environmental construction was as crucial as economic development. More projects from economic perspective should be taken as the adjustment of economic structure, reduction of energy consumption and increase of economic revenue. A series of positive measures should also be taken for the improvement of environment, such as improving resources utilization rate, strengthening cleaner production and promoting environment-friendly industry.
Table 1 Assessment indexes system of economic and environmental system表1 经济系统与环境系统评价指标体系 |
经济系统指标 | 环境系统指标 | ||
---|---|---|---|
人均GDP(元) | X1 | 森林覆盖率(%) | Y1 |
人均财政收入(元) | X2 | 城市人均绿化覆盖面积(m2) | Y2 |
人均固定资产投资(元) | X3 | 建成区绿化覆盖率(%) | Y3 |
人均社会消费品零售额(元) | X4 | 人均造林面积(hm2) | Y4 |
人均进出口额(美元) | X5 | 人均水资源量(m3) | Y5 |
人均实际利用外资额(美元) | X6 | 单位GDP建筑垃圾排放量(t) | Y6 |
城市居民人均可支配收入(元) | X7 | 人均医疗垃圾排放量(t) | Y7 |
农村居民人均纯收入(元) | X8 | 人均生活垃圾清运量(t) | Y8 |
GDP增长率(%) | X9 | 单位GDP废水排放量(t) | Y9 |
财政收入增长率(%) | X10 | 单位GDP废气排放量(t) | Y10 |
固定资产投资增长率(%) | X11 | 单位GDP SO2排放量(t) | Y11 |
社会消费品零售总额增长率(%) | X12 | 单位GDP固体废弃物产生量(t) | Y12 |
对外出口增长率(%) | X13 | 单位耕地化肥施用量(t·hm-2) | Y13 |
城市居民可支配收入增长率(%) | X14 | 工业废水排放达标率(%) | Y14 |
农村居民纯收入增长率(%) | X15 | 工业SO2去除率(%) | Y15 |
流动资产周转次数(次) | X16 | 固体废弃物综合利用率(%) | Y16 |
城市化率(%) | X17 | 建设项目“三同时”执行合格率(%) | Y17 |
第三产业比重(%) | X18 | 三废综合利用产值占GDP比重(%) | Y18 |
规模以上企业增加值占增加值比重(%) | X19 | 污染治理项目投资占GDP比重(%) | Y19 |
就业结构优化度* | X20 | 人均公共绿地面积(m2·人) | Y20 |
城市居民家庭恩格尔系数 | X21 | 医疗垃圾排放量(万t) | Y21 |
农村居民家庭恩格尔系数 | X22 | 工业废水排放量(万t) | Y22 |
单位耕地面积产值(元·hm-2) | X23 | 废水排放达标量(万t) | Y23 |
人口(万人) | X24 | 工业SO2产量(t) | Y24 |
人口增长(万人) | X25 | 工业固体废弃物产生量(万t) | Y25 |
GDP(万元) | X26 | 人均水资源拥有量(m3) | Y26 |
进出口总额(万美元) | X27 | 全年供水总量(万m3) | Y27 |
实际利用外资总额(万美元) | X28 | 全年用电量(万kWh) | Y28 |
第一产业劳动力比重(%) | X29 | 工业用电量(万kWh) | Y29 |
第二产业劳动力比重(%) | X30 | 床位数(张) | Y30 |
第三产业劳动力比重(%) | X31 | 城市煤气总量(亿m3) | Y31 |
注:就业结构优化度指第二、第三产业就业人员占全部就业人员的比重。 |
Fig. 1 Autocorrelogram of sequence X1 and ilX1 and partial correlation diagram图 1 序列X1和ilX1的自相关图与偏相关 |
Fig. 2 ARMA (1,1) and ARMA (2,2) modeling results图 2 建模结果 |
Fig. 3 ARMA (1,2) model residuals result图 3 ARMA(1,2)模型残差相关图 |
Fig. 4 Dynamic forecast on X1 sequence (per capita GDP)图 4 X1序列(人均GDP)动态预测 |
Table 2 Order determination and predictive value of each economic indicators表2 各经济指标的定阶与预测值 |
p | q | 2010年 | 2011年 | 2012年 | 2013年 | 2014年 | 2015年 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ilX1 | 1 | 2 | 43 372.12 | 47 381.78 | 51 550.55 | 55 867.45 | 60 320.72 | 64 898.00 |
ilX2 | 3 | 2 | 3 866.98 | 4 697.75 | 5 714.47 | 6 969.41 | 8 352.02 | 1 0025.43 |
ilX3 | 2 | 3 | 37 415.58 | 45 150.07 | 52 377.99 | 58 282.18 | 62 810.02 | 66 161.78 |
ilX4 | 1 | 1 | 15 614.08 | 16 303.77 | 16 722.69 | 16 973.57 | 17 122.57 | 17 210.64 |
ilX5 | 3 | 2 | 542.47 | 488.78 | 541.91 | 542.47 | 527.94 | 530.91 |
ilX6 | 2 | 2 | 379.05 | 392.88 | 406.45 | 413.97 | 419.58 | 423.07 |
ilX7 | 1 | 1 | 95 720.47 | 103 143.50 | 110 389.63 | 117 417.41 | 124 193.39 | 130 691.70 |
ilX8 | 1 | 1 | 39 312.84 | 43 050.90 | 47 099.88 | 51 481.51 | 56 218.72 | 61 335.65 |
ilX9 | 2 | 2 | 13.35 | 11.90 | 10.01 | 9.53 | 9.99 | 10.47 |
ilX10 | 3 | 3 | 20.73 | 9.01 | 3.12 | 4.97 | 2.27 | 2.50 |
ilX11 | 1 | 1 | 29.10 | 27.67 | 28.90 | 28.20 | 28.73 | 28.40 |
ilX12 | 1 | 1 | 17.40 | 17.68 | 17.58 | 17.61 | 17.60 | 17.61 |
ilX13 | 2 | 3 | 13.72 | 29.94 | 3.91 | -1.52 | -1.04 | -0.27 |
ilX14 | 2 | 1 | 9.80 | 10.31 | 10.32 | 10.27 | 10.27 | 10.27 |
ilX15 | 1 | 1 | 11.35 | 10.66 | 10.01 | 9.40 | 8.83 | 8.29 |
ilX16 | 2 | 3 | 2.82 | 2.93 | 3.00 | 3.06 | 3.11 | 3.16 |
ilX17 | 1 | 1 | 53.58 | 53.57 | 53.58 | 53.57 | 53.58 | 53.57 |
ilX18 | 2 | 2 | 41.00 | 40.84 | 40.58 | 40.63 | 40.73 | 40.72 |
ilX19 | 3 | 3 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
ilX20 | 1 | 1 | 70.08 | 69.96 | 69.84 | 69.71 | 69.59 | 69.47 |
ilX21 | 3 | 4 | 37.63 | 39.15 | 39.69 | 39.39 | 39.37 | 39.45 |
ilX22 | 1 | 1 | 36.41 | 35.44 | 34.49 | 33.57 | 32.66 | 31.79 |
ilX23 | 1 | 2 | 20 641.56 | 20 251.48 | 19 970.93 | 19 768.27 | 19 621.38 | 19 514.68 |
ilX24 | 1 | 1 | 2 361.55 | 2 359.97 | 2 358.70 | 2 357.67 | 2 356.83 | 2 356.16 |
ilX25 | 0 | 0 | 3.77 | 3.21 | 3.00 | 2.62 | 2.40 | 2.12 |
ilX26 | 2 | 1 | 10 423.38 | 10 999.31 | 11 451.48 | 11 804.54 | 12 078.96 | 12 291.47 |
ilX27 | 1 | 2 | 1 367 352.91 | 1 159 154.11 | 912 547.25 | 645 384.32 | 390 814.62 | 189 019.18 |
ilX28 | 2 | 2 | 908 728.95 | 957 035.54 | 1 000 696.39 | 1 029 199.47 | 1 050 471.82 | 1 065 156.12 |
ilX29 | 1 | 1 | 30.54 | 30.78 | 31.01 | 31.25 | 31.49 | 31.73 |
ilX30 | 1 | 1 | 27.98 | 27.40 | 26.85 | 26.33 | 25.84 | 25.38 |
ilX31 | 1 | 1 | 42.73 | 42.93 | 43.10 | 43.25 | 43.39 | 43.50 |
Table 3 Order determination and predictive value of each environment indicators表3 各环境指标的定阶与预测值 |
p | q | 2010年 | 2011年 | 2012年 | 2013年 | 2014年 | 2015年 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ilY1 | 2 | 1 | 32.97 | 32.97 | 32.97 | 32.97 | 32.97 | 32.97 |
ilY2 | 2 | 2 | 21.59 | 21.12 | 21.28 | 21.28 | 21.26 | 21.27 |
ilY3 | 2 | 3 | 39.49 | 39.77 | 38.89 | 38.59 | 38.29 | 38.11 |
ilY4 | 2 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
ilY5 | 2 | 2 | 86.85 | 82.67 | 83.72 | 84.05 | 83.55 | 83.81 |
ilY6 | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
ilY7 | 1 | 2 | 3.12 | 3.13 | 3.13 | 3.13 | 3.13 | 3.13 |
ilY8 | 2 | 3 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
ilY9 | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
ilY10 | 1 | 2 | 2.81 | 2.07 | 2.38 | 2.23 | 2.30 | 2.27 |
ilY11 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
ilY12 | 3 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
ilY13 | 2 | 2 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.88 |
ilY14 | 1 | 1 | 86.09 | 86.01 | 85.98 | 85.96 | 85.96 | 85.96 |
ilY15 | 2 | 2 | 36.43 | 41.81 | 50.24 | 33.90 | 49.29 | 42.75 |
ilY16 | 2 | 2 | 46.01 | 46.00 | 45.78 | 45.89 | 45.81 | 45.87 |
ilY17 | 2 | 2 | 99.92 | 100.00 | 99.97 | 99.98 | 99.98 | 99.98 |
ilY18 | 2 | 2 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 |
ilY19 | 1 | 1 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 |
ilY20 | 2 | 2 | 75.54 | 74.31 | 74.61 | 74.90 | 74.82 | 74.75 |
ilY21 | 2 | 2 | 7.68 | 7.51 | 7.57 | 7.55 | 7.56 | 7.56 |
ilY22 | 1 | 1 | 19 708.16 | 18 739.1 | 17 826.42 | 16 966.44 | 16 155.72 | 15 391.06 |
ilY23 | 1 | 1 | 24 635.20 | 23 423.87 | 22 283.03 | 21 208.05 | 20 194.64 | 19 238.81 |
ilY24 | 2 | 2 | 53.60 | 57.14 | 59.96 | 59.81 | 58.88 | 58.60 |
ilY25 | 1 | 1 | 14 185.21 | 14 289.25 | 14 260.62 | 14 268.47 | 14 266.32 | 14 266.91 |
ilY26 | 2 | 1 | 83.92 | 77.41 | 81.04 | 79.99 | 79.49 | 80.48 |
ilY27 | 2 | 1 | 199 331.31 | 182 434.53 | 192 310.39 | 189 096.16 | 188 011.58 | 190 652.25 |
ilY28 | 1 | 1 | 10 024 511.29 | 10 610 871.27 | 11 201 832.72 | 11 795 894.24 | 12 391 602.22 | 12 987 559.26 |
ilY29 | 2 | 2 | 8 004 233.95 | 8 774 153.87 | 9 592 514.87 | 10 567 748.98 | 11 652 026.14 | 12 921 173.00 |
ilY30 | 2 | 2 | 103 091.60 | 100 853.19 | 101 685.88 | 101 476.80 | 101 503.20 | 101 509.54 |
ilY31 | 4 | 4 | 61 198.75 | 63 474.96 | 61 453.76 | 61 287.93 | 61 224.29 | 61 712.76 |
Fig. 5 Coupling analysis of economic and ecological system of Shenyang Economic Zone图 5 沈阳经济区经济与环境耦合度分析 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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