江南水乡游客满意度的多维度影响因素测量模型
作者简介:钟士恩(1983-),男,山东滕州人,讲师,主要从事主题公园、城市旅游、遗产旅游等研究。E-mail:fgh1475@163.com
收稿日期: 2015-12-18
要求修回日期: 2016-02-27
网络出版日期: 2016-11-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41201136,41271161,41301156)、旅游业青年专家培养计划(TYEPT201423)资助
Multi-dimension Influential Factors of Tourist Satisfaction in the Ancient Waterfront Towns in the South of the Changjiang River
Received date: 2015-12-18
Request revised date: 2016-02-27
Online published: 2016-11-10
Supported by
National Nature Science Foundation of China (41201136, 41271161, 41301156), Tourism Young Expert Training Program (TYEPT201423).
Copyright
以江南水乡实证为例,从资源价值维度、旅游功能维度、心理满足维度、场所环境维度、负面评价维度等5个维度,探讨江南水乡游客满意度的多维度影响因素。偏最小二乘法回归显示,就江南水乡这种特定类型的旅游地而言,各个维度的影响重要性依次是:资源价值维度(0.203)>场所环境维度(0.183)>旅游功能维度(0.179)>心理满足维度(0.173)>负面评价维度(0.072)。重要的实践指示意义在于,对不同类型的旅游地应该进行针对性的游客满意度测评,包括其多维度的影响因素设计,及其影响因素可能存在的不同影响重要性的组合顺序。
钟士恩 , 章锦河 , 丁蕾 , 万绪才 , 钟静 , 吴丽敏 . 江南水乡游客满意度的多维度影响因素测量模型[J]. 地理科学, 2016 , 36(11) : 1715 -1721 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.11.014
Tourist satisfaction is the core concept of tourism management and tourism research. As this concept is introduced from the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) in business discipline, which can be summarized as the “Expectations-Value-Quality” theory. ACSI’s suitability, especially its antecedents section, in tourism discipline is questioned in this article. The definition of the traditional tourist satisfaction and its according assessment have fallen into a serious risk of simplicity. This article points out that it needs to put tourism in its place, which is a characteristic human-land phenomenon, while not to put tourism just in business. The tourist satisfaction of a specific tourist place requires a specific index system. The positive research on the Ancient Waterfront Towns in the south of the Changjiang River, demonstrates that we should put tourist satisfaction in the specific tourist place. The index system of the positive research is made up of 5 dimensions, i.e., the heritage value dimension, the tourist function dimension, the psychological satisfaction dimension, the place environment dimension, and the negative evaluation dimension. The casual relationships among the 5 dimensions and the dependent variable—tourist satisfaction, are exploited with the partial least-squares regression. As for the specific case of the Ancient Waterfront Towns in the south of the Changjiang River, the descending order of the 5 dimensions’ relative importance is as follows: the heritage value dimension, the place environment dimension, the tourist function dimension, the place environment dimension, and the negative evaluation dimension.
Table1 Main logistic content of the questionnaire before sampling表1 量表的预设逻辑结构 |
测量维度 | 测量变量 | 测量维度 | 测量变量 |
---|---|---|---|
A资源价值维度 | A1水乡泽国 | C心理满足维度 | C2乡土气息浓厚 |
A2物产丰富 | C3感觉亲切如家 | ||
A3人杰地灵 | C4远离城市喧嚣 | ||
A4古色古香 | C5希望永远居住 | ||
A5全人类无法估价的遗产 | D场所环境维度 | D1古镇保护管理良好 | |
A6一旦破坏是全人类的浩劫 | D2古镇卫生条件很好 | ||
A7具有独一无二的特性 | D3居民好客友善 | ||
A8“小桥流水人家”感觉突出 | D4从业者服务态度友好 | ||
A9传统生活与现代生活辉映 | E负面评价维度 | E1景区游客拥挤 | |
B旅游功能维度 | B1餐饮美食不错 | E2古镇风貌没有特色 | |
B2住宿条件很好 | E3商业化太严重 | ||
B3交通出行便利 | E4传统味道不浓 | ||
B4景点值得一看 | E5旅游产品单一 | ||
B5旅游商品特色明显 | E6当地物价太高 | ||
B6文化娱乐活动出色 | E7配套设施跟不上 | ||
C心理满足维度 | C1闲适宁静 | E8景区门票太贵 |
Table 2 Sample distribution of the survey (N=1 011)表2 样本的描述性特征(N=1 011) |
人口学变量 | 类别 | 比例(%) | 行为学变量 | 类别 | 比例(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | 0~14岁 | 3.3 | 游玩次数 | 初次造访 | 73.1 |
15~24岁 | 46.7 | 重游 | 26.9 | ||
25~44岁 | 44.7 | 逗留时间 | 0.5 d | 26.8 | |
45~65岁 | 4.5 | 1 d | 56.3 | ||
65岁以上 | 0.3 | 2 d | 13.6 | ||
职业 | 学生 | 31.2 | ≥3 d | 3.3 | |
学生以外群体 | 68.8 | 旅游花费 | ≤200元 | 44.5 | |
客源地 | 近程市场 | 82.0 | 200~600元 | 40.9 | |
中远程市场 | 17.9 | ≥600元 | 14.5 | ||
学历 | 小学 | 3.2 | 出游方式 | 旅行社安排 | 4.2 |
初中 | 5.9 | 单位集体组织 | 3.9 | ||
高中及中专 | 13.1 | 家庭出游 | 23.2 | ||
大专 | 26.6 | 个人自助游 | 29.6 | ||
本科 | 42.1 | 好友结伴出行 | 37.4 | ||
研究生 | 7.3 | 旅游交通 | 飞机 | 1.9 | |
月收入 | ≤1500元 | 26.9 | 火车 | 15.9 | |
1501~3500元 | 23.8 | 汽车 | 40.1 | ||
3501~5000元 | 21.9 | 自驾车 | 23.4 | ||
5001~8000元 | 10.7 | 自行车 | 0.5 | ||
≥8000元 | 8.0 | 徒步 | 1.9 |
注:1.该部分为样本的代表性及其描述性特征,未作缺失值处理,因此部分变量的各选项比例累加值小于1;2. 客源地中近程市场为江苏、上海、浙江、安徽等4个省级地区,其余省份客源定义为中远程市场。 |
Table 3 Reliability analysis and content validity analysis (N=1 011)表3 量表的结构效度与信度分析(N=1 011) |
量表维度 | 测量变量 | 结构效度(EFA的因子结构) | 信度(Cronbach’s α=0.915) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 均值 | 标准偏差 | CITC | |||
A资源价值维度(Cronbach’s α=0.869) | A1水乡泽国 | 0.34 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.57 | 0.12 | 4.17 | 0.72 | 0.57 | |
A2物产丰富 | 0.52 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.51 | -0.09 | 3.82 | 0.78 | 0.54 | ||
A3人杰地灵 | 0.48 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 3.88 | 0.76 | 0.61 | ||
A4古色古香 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.53 | 0.17 | 4.23 | 0.71 | 0.59 | ||
A5全人类无法估价的遗产 | 0.22 | -0.01 | 0.70 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 4.05 | 0.83 | 0.49 | ||
A6一旦破坏是全人类的浩劫 | 0.24 | -0.01 | 0.69 | 0.10 | 0.10 | -0.03 | 4.05 | 0.82 | 0.47 | ||
A7具有独一无二的特性 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.76 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 3.84 | 0.88 | 0.53 | ||
A8“小桥流水人家”感觉突出 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.60 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 4.07 | 0.78 | 0.58 | ||
A9传统生活与现代生活辉映 | 0.29 | 0.04 | 0.55 | 0.27 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 3.94 | 0.81 | 0.57 | ||
B旅游功能维度(Cronbach’s α=0.802) | B1餐饮美食不错 | 0.64 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.10 | -0.02 | 3.58 | 0.80 | 0.49 | |
B2住宿条件很好 | 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 3.51 | 0.71 | 0.48 | ||
B3交通出行便利 | 0.53 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 3.77 | 0.79 | 0.46 | ||
B4景点值得一看 | 0.42 | 0.14 | 0.36 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.13 | 4.08 | 0.70 | 0.65 | ||
B5旅游商品特色明显 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 3.63 | 0.86 | 0.51 | ||
B6文化娱乐活动出色 | 0.53 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 3.70 | 0.81 | 0.55 | ||
C心理满足维度(Cronbach’s α=0.842) | C1闲适宁静 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.21 | 0.58 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 4.13 | 0.88 | 0.58 | |
C2乡土气息浓厚 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.60 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 4.00 | 0.84 | 0.60 | ||
C3感觉亲切如家 | 0.54 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.55 | 0.09 | -0.03 | 3.48 | 0.92 | 0.63 | ||
C4远离城市喧嚣 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.67 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 3.66 | 1.02 | 0.59 | ||
C5希望永远居住 | 0.47 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 0.46 | 0.05 | -0.06 | 3.35 | 1.10 | 0.55 | ||
D场所环境维度(Cronbach’s α=0.820) | D1古镇保护管理良好 | 0.47 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.48 | 3.78 | 0.84 | 0.62 | |
D2古镇卫生条件良好 | 0.49 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.51 | 3.73 | 0.82 | 0.58 | ||
D3当地居民好客友善 | 0.57 | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.32 | 3.87 | 0.80 | 0.60 | ||
D4从业者服务态度友好 | 0.55 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 3.93 | 0.75 | 0.58 | ||
E负面评价维度(Cronbach’s α=0.826) | E1景区游客拥挤 | -0.11 | 0.33 | -0.09 | 0.11 | -0.20 | 0.03 | 2.04 | 0.82 | 0.01 | |
E2古镇风貌没有特色 | -0.03 | 0.68 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.11 | -0.01 | 2.75 | 0.91 | 0.37 | ||
E3商业化太严重 | 0.06 | 0.63 | -0.00 | 0.21 | -0.09 | 0.03 | 2.29 | 0.92 | 0.32 | ||
E4传统味道不浓 | -0.04 | 0.70 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 2.89 | 0.96 | 0.36 | ||
E5旅游产品单一 | 0.08 | 0.73 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 2.70 | 0.93 | 0.36 | ||
E6当地物价太高 | 0.11 | 0.62 | -0.00 | -0.03 | -0.00 | -0.00 | 2.56 | 0.86 | 0.28 | ||
E7配套设施跟不上 | 0.09 | 0.68 | 0.02 | -0.08 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 2.82 | 0.88 | 0.31 | ||
E8景区门票太贵 | 0.07 | 0.49 | -0.03 | -0.07 | -0.04 | -0.02 | 2.37 | 0.94 | 0.17 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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