洞庭湖地区农业功能时空演变的影响机制研究
谭雪兰(1978‒),女,湖南茶陵人,教授,博导,主要从事城乡规划、乡村地理及乡村土地利用研究。E-mail: txl780120@163.com |
收稿日期: 2019-10-14
网络出版日期: 2020-12-07
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41971219,41571168)、湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ4372)、湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(18ZDB015)、湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(18A102)、湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20190521)资助
版权
Analysis on Spatio-temporal Evolution of Agricultural Function and Its Influencing Factors in Dongting Lake Area
Received date: 2019-10-14
Online published: 2020-12-07
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41971219, 41571168), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ4372), Philosophy and Social Science Fund Project of Hunan Province (18ZDB015), Key Scientific Research Projects of Hunan Education Department (18A102), Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province (CX20190521)
Copyright
农业功能的时空演变规律和影响因素研究是引导地区分工、凸显地域价值、促进区域协调发展的科学依据。以洞庭湖地区24个县市区为研究区域,分别从粮食生产功能、就业与社会保障功能、生态保育功能和旅游休闲功能构建评价指标体系,运用熵值法、农业功能变化时空差异诊断模型、地理探测器等方法模型对洞庭湖地区1997—2017年农业功能的动态变化过程、影响因素与作用机制进行研究。结果表明:① 1997—2017年洞庭湖地区农业功能时空变化特征显著:洞庭湖地区粮食生产功能整体呈增强趋势,且中部地区增强明显;就业与社会保障功能整体呈减弱变化趋势,市辖区尤为明显;生态保育功能整体呈减弱趋势且变化幅度大,石门县、安化县等丘陵地区减弱明显,而洞庭湖中部平原区域增强;旅游休闲功能整体呈增强变化态势,石门县、桃江县等地区以及各市辖区旅游休闲功能大幅度提升。② 农业发展基础是农业功能演变的决定性因素,地区发展水平是农业功能演变的重要因素,生产环境质量是洞庭湖地区农业功能演变的基础因素;地区发展水平对农业功能演变的影响程度逐渐上升,生产环境质量因素的影响程度逐渐下降;各影响因子之间存在交互作用,农业功能时空的演变过程及结构受到多个因子共同影响,说明洞庭湖地区农业功能演变的影响因素存在显著的复杂性特征。
谭雪兰 , 王振凯 , 蒋凌霄 , 安悦 , 雷济华 , 任辉 . 洞庭湖地区农业功能时空演变的影响机制研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020 , 40(8) : 1355 -1364 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.08.015
The study on spatio-temporal evolution rules and influencing factors on agricultural functions is the scientific basis for guiding regional division of labor, highlighting regional value and promoting regional coordinated development. This paper built the evaluation index system respectively from the function of food production, employment and social security, ecological conservation and tourism and leisure, taking 24 cities districts or counties in Dongting Lake area as the study area, studied the dynamic changing process of agricultural functions, structure and stage characteristics and influence factors on it from 1997 to 2017 in Dongting Lake area by using the entropy weight method, spatiotemporal differential diagnosis model of agricultural functional changes, geo-detector and other method models. The study showed that: 1) the spatial and temporal changes of the agricultural function in Dongting Lake area from 1997 to 2017 were significant: The food production function in the whole Dongting Lake area was increasing, especially in the central area; the function of employment and social security was weakening, especially in municipal districts; the function of ecological conservation was changing greatly and to decline-shimen district, anhua district and other hilly areas decreased significantly while the plain area in the central Dongting Lake area increased; The tourism and leisure function showed a trend of enhancement: Especially in Shimen county, Taojiang county and other city areas. 2) The foundation of agricultural development was the decisive factor on the evolution of agricultural function; the level of regional development was the important factor on the evolution of agricultural function; the quality of production environment was the basic factor of the evolution on agricultural function in Dongting Lake area. The influence of the regional development level increased but of the quality of production environment decreased. There were interactions among influencing factors and the spatial and temporal evolution process and structure of agricultural function were affected by multiple factors, which indicated that the factors influencing the evolution of agricultural function in Dongting Lake area had significant complexity characteristics.
表 1 农业功能评价指标体系Table 1 The evaluation index system of agricultural function |
农业功能 | 指标 | 指标计算方法 | 单位 | 属性 | 权重 |
粮食生产功能 | 粮食总产 | 粮食总产量 | kg | + | 0.085 |
垦殖指数 | 耕地面积/土地总面积 | % | + | 0.053 | |
有效灌溉面积 | — | hm2 | + | 0.096 | |
耕地面积 | — | hm2 | + | 0.078 | |
就业与社会保障功能 | 农业人口占乡村人口总比重 | 农业人口/农村总人口 | % | + | 0.008 |
农业劳动力占乡村总劳动力比重 | 农业劳动力/乡村总劳动力 | % | + | 0.008 | |
劳均农业总产值 | 区域农业总产值/农业劳动力 | 万元/人 | + | 0.025 | |
人均粮食保证率 | 粮食总产量/(区域总人口×400) | % | + | 0.032 | |
生态保育功能 | 化肥强度 | 投入化肥量/耕地面积 | t/hm2 | − | 0.096 |
森林覆盖率 | 区域森林覆盖面积/区域土地总面积 | % | + | 0.028 | |
自然灾害指数 | 自然灾害发生面积/土地总面积 | % | − | 0.129 | |
地均农药使用量 | 农药使用量/耕地面积 | t/hm2 | − | 0.088 | |
旅游休闲功能 | 农家乐个数 | — | 个 | + | 0.084 |
旅游年接待人次 | — | 万人 | + | 0.038 | |
旅游收入 | — | 亿元 | + | 0.078 | |
旅游收入占GDP比重 | 旅游收入/GDP | % | + | 0.075 |
表 2 洞庭湖地区农业功能影响因素分析指标体系Table 2 Analysis indicator system of influencing factors on agricultural function in Dongting Lake area |
探测因素 | 指标 | 探测因子 | 属性 |
农业发展基础 | 人均耕地面积 | x1 | + |
机械化水平 | x2 | + | |
农业从业人员 | x3 | + | |
农村就业结构 | x4 | − | |
区域发展水平 | 城镇化率 | x5 | + |
人均GDP | x6 | + | |
农民人均可支配收入 | x7 | + | |
生产环境质量 | 地膜使用量 | x8 | − |
水土流失治理面积 | x9 | + |
注:人均耕地面积=耕地面积/地区总人口数;机械化水平=耕地面积/农业机械总动力;农村就业结构=非农从业人员/区域劳动力总数;+为正向指标,−为负向指标。 |
表 3 1997年、2007年和2017年洞庭湖地区农业功能时空演变影响因子探测结果Table 3 Factor detection results on agricultural multifunctionality in Dongting Lake area in 1997,2007,2017 |
1997年 | 2007年 | 2017年 | |||||
因子排序 | q | 因子排序 | q | 因子排序 | q | ||
人均耕地面积(x1) | 0.622 | 农业从业人员(x3) | 0.751 | 农业从业人员(x3) | 0.705 | ||
农业从业人员(x3) | 0.475 | 人均耕地面积(x1) | 0.651 | 农村就业结构(x4) | 0.595 | ||
农村就业结构(x4) | 0.474 | 机械化水平(x2) | 0.578 | 人均耕地面积(x1) | 0.576 | ||
机械化水平(x2) | 0.420 | 农村就业结构(x4) | 0.516 | 农民人均可支配收入(x7) | 0.569 | ||
农民人均可支配收入(x7) | 0.413 | 人均GDP(x6) | 0.416 | 人均GDP(x6) | 0.523 | ||
人均GDP(x6) | 0.392 | 农民人均可支配收入(x7) | 0.367 | 机械化水平(x2) | 0.493 | ||
城镇化率(x5) | 0.380 | 城镇化率(x5) | 0.352 | 城镇化率(x5) | 0.482 | ||
地膜使用量(x8) | 0.375 | 地膜使用量(x8) | 0.330 | 地膜使用量(x8) | 0.236 | ||
水土流失治理面积(x9) | 0.286 | 水土流失治理面积(x9) | 0.116 | 水土流失治理面积(x9) | 0.215 |
表 4 2017年洞庭湖地区农业功能时空演变影响因子交互探测结果Table 4 Factor interactive detection results on agricultural multifunctionality in Dongting Lake area, 2017 |
因子 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 |
x1 | 0.576 | ||||||||
x2 | 0.716 | 0.492 | |||||||
x3 | 0.731 | 0.834 | 0.704 | ||||||
x4 | 0.629 | 0.740 | 0.719 | 0.594 | |||||
x5 | 0.745 | 0.549 | 0.858 | 0.764 | 0.481 | ||||
x6 | 0.679 | 0.778 | 0.765 | 0.671 | 0.780 | 0.523 | |||
x7 | 0.815 | 0.594 | 0.865 | 0.810 | 0.593 | 0.792 | 0.568 | ||
x8 | 0.713 | 0.689 | 0.807 | 0.739 | 0.590 | 0.679 | 0.687 | 0.235 | |
x9 | 0.712 | 0.684 | 0.802 | 0.720 | 0.589 | 0.689 | 0.689 | 0.271 | 0.215 |
注:因子名称见表2. |
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