基于景观生态安全格局构建的城镇空间扩展模式研究——以江苏沿海地区为例
杨清可(1986−),男,山东滕州人,讲师,从事区域规划与土地利用研究。E-mail: yangqingke66@163.com |
收稿日期: 2020-03-08
修回日期: 2020-04-10
网络出版日期: 2021-07-15
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1100101)
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20170876)
江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目资助(2020SJA0276)
版权
Urban Spatial Expansion Mode Based on the Construction of Landscape Ecological Security Pattern: A Case of the Coastal Area of Jiangsu
Received date: 2020-03-08
Revised date: 2020-04-10
Online published: 2021-07-15
Supported by
National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1100101)
Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(BK20170876)
The Philosophical and Social Sciences Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(2020SJA0276)
Copyright
杨清可 , 王磊 , 李永乐 , 秦贤宏 . 基于景观生态安全格局构建的城镇空间扩展模式研究——以江苏沿海地区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2021 , 41(5) : 737 -746 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.05.001
The importance of ecological security space has attracted more and more attention in the top-level design of urban spatial expansion in China. That’s very necessary to identify security issues and key ecological factors from regional scale, construct landscape ecological security pattern and analyze urban spatial expansion mode, which can provide policy reference for the upcoming territorial spatial planning. Taking the coastal areas of Jiangsu as an example, based on the theory of ‘process-pattern’ of landscape ecology, this article constructs four single ecological security patterns for the maintenance of basic ecosystem services such as landform, water conservation, biodiversity and recreational landscape. According to the ‘minimum-maximum constraint’ criterion, by overlapping mosaic operations, four different levels of comprehensive ecological security patterns are constructed, and the low security level zone that needs to be strictly protected, then the high security level that could be planned as a key development zone in future. Meanwhile, use MCR model, set up and compare the impact of different models on urban spatial expansion, such as ‘ecological security protection type’ ‘economic growth dominant type’ and ‘ecological and economic coordination type’. The results show that the coordinated model of ‘ecological protection and economic development’ can better balance the ‘ecological-social-economic’ benefits. This model can reasonably determine the space for urban construction and industrial development. It is the optimal model for the orderly and healthy development of cities and towns in the future, and also of great significance for optimizing the spatial layout of cities and towns and improving the comprehensive benefits of construction land development.
表1 区域地形地貌安全内容及等级划分Table 1 The context and classification of regional topography and landform |
生态安全因子 | 低安全水平 | 中安全水平 | 较高安全水平 | 高安全水平 | 权重 |
抗震烈度 | 6° | 7° | 8° | >8° | 0.2345 |
活动断裂带 | 0~2 km | 2~5 km | 5~10 km | >10 km | 0.1324 |
坍塌−滑坡灾害点 | >8 | 3~8 | 1~2 | <1 | 0.0633 |
植被覆盖 | NDVI<0.1 | 0.1≤NDVI<0.3 | 0.3≤NDVI<0.5 | NDVI≥0.5 | 0.1768 |
地面沉降 | >1 m | 0.2~1 m | 0.1~0.2 m | <0.1 m | 0.2834 |
灾害发育程度 | 严重沙土气化 | 中等沙土气化 | 轻度沙土气化 | 未沙土气化 | 0.1095 |
表2 3种安全水平下的防洪安全格局Table 2 Flood control safety patterns under three safety levels |
安全水平 | 洪水级别 | 缓冲区范围/m | 本文选用范围/m |
低安全水平10 a一遇 | 一般 | 0~50 | 30 |
中安全水平20 a一遇 | 较大 | 50~80 | 70 |
较高安全水平50 a一遇 | 大 | 80~150 | 120 |
高安全水平 | 无洪水威胁 |
表3 江苏沿海地区生境适宜性评价体系Table 3 Habitat suitability assessment system in the coastal area of Jiangsu |
评价因子 | 分级 | 阻力系数 | 权重 |
土地覆盖类型 | 河流、湖泊、滩涂 | 10 | 0.5 |
水库、坑塘、沟渠 | 8 | ||
有林地、其他林地 | 6 | ||
水田、水浇地、旱地 | 5 | ||
茶园、果园、其他园地、其他草地 | 4 | ||
设施农用地、田坎、农村道路、风景名胜地 | 3 | ||
交通用地 | 2 | ||
城镇工矿用地、水工建筑用地 | 1 | ||
距城镇、农村居民点距离 | >1 000 m | 10 | 0.3 |
500~1000 m | 6 | ||
0~500 m | 1 | ||
坡度 | 0°~5° | 10 | 0.2 |
5°~15° | 8 | ||
15°~25° | 4 | ||
25°~60° | 2 | ||
60°~90° | 1 |
表4 游憩过程阻力要素及阻力系数表Table 4 Resistance elements and resistance coefficient in recreation process |
阻力要素 | 分类 | 阻力系数 |
土地覆被类型 | 林地、草地 | 10 |
沿海滩涂 | 15 | |
其他林地、其他草地 | 20 | |
设施农用地、农村道路、田坎、沟渠、坑塘水面 | 25 | |
水田、水浇地、旱地、茶园、果园 | 30 | |
城镇工矿用地、水工建筑用地 | 50 | |
水系、湿地 | 河流、湖泊、水库、湿地 | 0 |
表5 城镇空间扩展源的分级及影响因素Table 5 Classification and influence factors of urban space sources |
扩展源等级(K) | 划分单元 | 行政等级 | 发展定位 | 土地开发强度/% | 人口密度/ (人/km2) | GDP总量/ 亿元 |
Ⅰ级(0.6) | 南通城区、盐城城区、连云港城区 | 地级市 | 城市中心区,作为区域开发布局的极点 | 23.15 | 649.75 | 6344.78 |
Ⅱ级(0.8) | 海门市、启东市、如皋市、海安市、东台市 | 县级市 | 作为区域开发的“多节点”,根据各自比较优势,合理分工,错位发展 | 18.19 | 634.30 | 4835.32 |
Ⅲ级(1.0) | 如东县、响水县、滨海县、阜宁县、射阳县、建湖县、灌南县、东海县、灌云县 | 县 | 作为区域郊县,发展腹地,承载区域内外、发达地区的产业转移 | 17.66 | 509.72 | 4277.53 |
表6 城镇空间扩展的影响因子与阻力系数Table 6 Influencing factors and resistance coefficient of urban space expansion |
扩展类型 | 影响因子 | 权重 | 分级 | 阻力系数 |
阻力因子 | 生态安全保护格局 | 0.305 | 低安全格局 | 400 |
中安全格局 | 250 | |||
较高安全格局 | 100 | |||
高安全格局 | 10 | |||
动力因子 | 与交通干线的距离 | 0.091 | 0~200 m | 10 |
200~500 m | 50 | |||
500~1500 m | 200 | |||
>1500 m | 400 | |||
与商业中心的距离 | 0.128 | 0~500 m | 10 | |
500~1500 m | 50 | |||
1500~2500 m | 200 | |||
>2500 m | 400 | |||
与主要港口的距离 | 0.052 | 0~1 km | 1 | |
1~2 km | 50 | |||
2~4 km | 100 | |||
>4 km | 500 | |||
与机场的距离 | 0.085 | 0~1 km | 10 | |
1~2.5 km | 50 | |||
2.5~5 km | 100 | |||
>5 km | 500 | |||
政策因子 | 开发集聚区域 | 0.338 | 高值区 | 1 |
较高值区 | 20 | |||
中值区 | 50 | |||
较低值区 | 100 | |||
低值区 | 300 |
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