中国娱乐传媒产业全球生产网络的发展路径与地理特征
张旭(1986-),男,河南驻马店人,博士,副教授,硕导,研究方向为城市地理与城市经济。E-mail: x.zhang86@hotmail.com |
收稿日期: 2021-04-14
修回日期: 2021-06-15
网络出版日期: 2022-02-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42071194)
国家自然科学基金项目(41601163)
教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(20YJC760013)
北京社会科学基金项目(19YTC039)
版权
Developmental Path and Geographic Patterns of the Global Production Network of China’s Entertainment and Media Industry
Received date: 2021-04-14
Revised date: 2021-06-15
Online published: 2022-02-20
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071194)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601163)
Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Sciences Research Fund(20YJC760013)
Beijing Social Science Fund(19YTC039)
Copyright
利用2012年和2017年《福布斯中国名人榜单》中娱乐明星行动轨迹数据探索中国娱乐传媒产业全球生产网络的空间组织模式。研究发现:① 中国娱乐传媒产业的全球化经历了“产品引进”“产品输出”“对外投资并购与跨国生产”几个阶段,具有明显的内需驱动式全球化特点;② 中国娱乐传媒产业生产网络形成较为明显的“核心-边缘”结构,相较于典型制造业生产网络表现出更加快速的动态演化特征;③ 娱乐传媒产业各类价值活动的地理分布呈现出显著的差异,反映出不同价值环节的需求与各区域平台、资源或市场条件的战略耦合关系;④ 中国娱乐传媒产业的国外活动呈现出向西方发达国家和亚洲邻近国家集聚的趋势,体现出发达国家主导的全球娱乐传媒市场结构以及“地理-文化邻近效应”的作用。
张旭 , 陈彤 , 戴俊骋 . 中国娱乐传媒产业全球生产网络的发展路径与地理特征[J]. 地理科学, 2022 , 42(2) : 264 -273 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.02.008
Existing research on global production networks has mainly focused on industrial sectors that produce tangible products, such as manufacturing. This paper presents a first analysis of the production network of a typical cultural industry: the entertainment and media industry based on a case study of China. Through collecting data of the trajectories of the entertainment celebrities included in the 2012 and 2017 ‘Forbes China Celebrity List’, the paper explores the spatial organization of the global production network of China’s entertainment and media industry using the method of geospatial analysis and social network analysis. The results show that: 1) The globalization of China’s entertainment and media industry has gone through the three stages of ‘product introduction’ ‘product export’, and ‘outbound investment, mergers and acquisitions and transnational production’. It exhibits a distinctive feature of domestic-demand-driven globalization. 2) The production network of China’s entertainment and media industry has formed an obvious ‘core-periphery’ structure. The evolution of the production network of entertainment and media industry is more dynamic than that of typical manufacturing industries. 3) The geographic distribution of the different types of value activities of entertainment and media industry shows remarkable diversities, which reflect the patterns of strategic coupling between the demand of each value segment and the specific platforms, resources, or market conditions of different regions. 4) The overseas activities of China’s entertainment and media industry tend to agglomerate in Western developed countries and Asian neighboring countries, demonstrating the dominance of advanced economies in the current global entertainment and media market, as well as the impact of ‘geo-cultural proximity effect’. This study reveals the developmental status and unique characteristics of the globalization of China’s entertainment and media industry. It also extends the theoretical and empirical research on global production networks through a case study of the entertainment and media industry.
表1 明星活动价值类型划分Table 1 Classification of celebrities’ activities according to their type of value segment |
活动类型 | 包含内容 | 价值环节 | 数量占比/% | ||||
创造 | 增值 | 捕获 | 2012年 | 2017年 | |||
注:**表示此价值环节是该类活动的核心内容;*表示该类活动涉及此价值环节,但是并非核心内容;-表示该类活动较少涉及此价值 环节。 | |||||||
影视拍摄 | 电影、电视剧、MV等的拍摄 | ** | - | - | 6.1 | 8.6 | |
综艺节目录制 | 各类综艺节目及晚会录制 | ** | * | - | 12.0 | 27.9 | |
排练演出 | 演唱会、音乐会、歌迷会等的排练演出 | ** | * | ** | 17.3 | 8.0 | |
作品宣传 | 作品首映礼、发布会、签售会等 | - | ** | - | 16.2 | 15.0 | |
商业活动 | 广告代言、商业庆典、商品宣传等 | - | - | ** | 16.7 | 17.0 | |
娱乐庆典 | 电影节、时装周、颁奖典礼等 | * | ** | * | 14.9 | 11.5 | |
媒体宣传 | 杂志拍摄、媒体采访、记者会等 | - | ** | - | 5.9 | 2.6 | |
艺术及公益活动 | 艺术展、慈善活动、公益活动等 | - | ** | - | 6.7 | 3.9 | |
网络互动 | 网络直播、网络采访、网游互动等 | - | ** | - | 0.5 | 4.7 | |
私人活动 | 婚礼、生日、葬礼等 | - | ** | - | 3.7 | 0.7 |
表2 明星到访人次排名前15的国家及外国城市Table 2 Top 15 foreign countries and cities most visited by celebrities |
国家 | 2012年占比/% | 国家 | 2017年 占比/% | 城市 | 2012年 占比/% | 城市 | 2017年 占比/% | |||
注:“占比”为该国家、城市明星到访人次数占全部国家、外国城市明星到访人次数的百分比。 | ||||||||||
美国 | 17.4 | 法国 | 22.9 | 伦敦 | 12.3 | 巴黎 | 17.4 | |||
法国 | 16.3 | 美国 | 22.1 | 巴黎 | 10.2 | 纽约 | 10.2 | |||
英国 | 13.2 | 意大利 | 8.7 | 新加坡 | 7.3 | 戛纳 | 8.9 | |||
日本 | 7.3 | 日本 | 7.2 | 纽约 | 6.8 | 米兰 | 8.7 | |||
新加坡 | 7.3 | 泰国 | 6.6 | 东京 | 6.0 | 洛杉矶 | 6.5 | |||
意大利 | 6.0 | 英国 | 5.1 | 戛纳 | 5.8 | 伦敦 | 5.4 | |||
韩国 | 4.9 | 瑞士 | 4.3 | 洛杉矶 | 4.7 | 布拉格 | 4.6 | |||
马来西亚 | 4.9 | 捷克 | 4.0 | 吉隆坡 | 4.5 | 东京 | 3.7 | |||
德国 | 3.6 | 新加坡 | 3.2 | 首尔 | 3.1 | 新加坡 | 3.7 | |||
澳大利亚 | 3.1 | 新西兰 | 2.6 | 米兰 | 2.9 | 阁昌 | 3.5 | |||
加拿大 | 2.8 | 摩洛哥 | 1.9 | 曼谷 | 2.6 | 巴塞尔 | 2.0 | |||
泰国 | 2.6 | 马来西亚 | 1.7 | 悉尼 | 2.1 | 吉隆坡 | 2.0 | |||
巴西 | 1.6 | 德国 | 1.3 | 柏林 | 1.8 | 旧金山 | 2.0 | |||
瑞士 | 1.3 | 巴西 | 1.1 | 多伦多 | 1.8 | 日内瓦 | 2.0 | |||
奥地利/西班牙/新西兰 | 1.0 | 加拿大/西班牙 | 1.1 | 釜山 | 1.8 | 曼谷 | 1.3 | |||
总计 | 93.3 | 总计 | 94.0 | 总计 | 73.8 | 总计 | 81.6 |
表3 不同类型明星活动国家及城市分布情况Table 3 Distribution of different types of celebrities’ activities across counties and cities |
活动类型 | 分布国家数量/个 | 分布城市数量/个 | 国外活动数量/个 | 国外活动占比/% | |||||||
2012年 | 2017年 | 2012年 | 2017年 | 2012年 | 2017年 | 2012年 | 2017年 | ||||
注:“分布国家”包括中国;数据不含无法确定地址的活动。 | |||||||||||
综艺节目录制 | 6 | 17 | 29 | 76 | 9 | 93 | 1.8 | 6.0 | |||
商业活动 | 14 | 15 | 88 | 64 | 37 | 69 | 5.3 | 7.3 | |||
作品宣传 | 13 | 5 | 62 | 58 | 38 | 37 | 5.6 | 4.4 | |||
娱乐庆典 | 12 | 9 | 66 | 37 | 77 | 140 | 12.4 | 21.5 | |||
影视拍摄 | 11 | 16 | 48 | 60 | 20 | 82 | 7.8 | 17.5 | |||
排练演出 | 23 | 14 | 149 | 89 | 105 | 50 | 14.6 | 11.0 | |||
网络互动 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 31 | 1 | 19 | 5.0 | 12.3 | |||
艺术及公益活动 | 16 | 6 | 65 | 37 | 40 | 15 | 14.2 | 6.8 | |||
媒体宣传 | 9 | 7 | 33 | 19 | 31 | 19 | 12.7 | 13.1 | |||
个人活动 | 17 | 4 | 40 | 8 | 27 | 5 | 17.4 | 11.9 |
表4 中国娱乐传媒产业全球生产网络主要分布区域战略耦合特点Table 4 Strategic coupling characteristics of the main distribution areas of the global production network of China’s media and entertainment industry |
区域类型 | 主要活动 | 耦合类型 | 区域优势 | 耦合强度 | 代表城市 |
娱乐传媒中心 | 各类活动 | 内生耦合 | 主要从业者、企业和平台集聚地 | 强 | 北京、上海、长沙、香港 |
国外全球城市 | 娱乐庆典、媒体宣传、商业活动 | 功能耦合 | 主流娱乐传媒平台与中介机构 | 较强 | 巴黎、伦敦、纽约、米兰 |
拍摄基地 | 影视拍摄、综艺节目录制 | 功能耦合 | 大型影视拍摄基地 | 中等 | 金华、宁波 |
外景地 | 影视拍摄、综艺节目录制 | 结构耦合 | 独特自然或人文景观 | 弱 | 延安、阿拉善、丽江、布拉格、普吉岛 |
消费区域 | 排练演出、作品宣传、商业活动 | 结构耦合 | 经济发达、华人数量较多(国外) | 弱 | 青岛、大连、新加坡城、吉隆坡、温哥华 |
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