中国城市土地绿色利用效率驱动因素及空间分异
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卢新海(1965-),男,湖北洪湖人,教授,博导,主要研究方向为土地利用与城市管理。E-mail: xinhailu@163.com |
收稿日期: 2021-04-15
修回日期: 2021-08-05
录用日期: 2021-11-24
网络出版日期: 2022-04-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(71673096)
国家自然科学基金项目(41901256)
国家自然科学基金项目(42101282)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(CCNU20XJ020)
版权
Driving Factors and Spatial Differentiation of the Urban Land Green Use Efficiency in China
Received date: 2021-04-15
Revised date: 2021-08-05
Accepted date: 2021-11-24
Online published: 2022-04-20
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(71673096)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901256)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42101282)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU20XJ020)
Copyright
以2009—2018年中国285个地级及以上城市为研究对象,测算各城市的城市土地绿色利用效率,对其驱动因素的空间异质性进行探究与分区。结果表明:① 城市土地绿色利用效率总体呈波动上升趋势,集聚特征显著,省际、省内差异明显;区域上,呈现西部>东部>中部的格局;规模等级上,随着城市规模等级降低而递增。② 城市土地绿色利用效率是众多因素交互驱动的结果,且各驱动因素均具有明显的空间异质性特征,呈现出空间带状或片状分布规律。③ 根据城市土地绿色利用效率驱动因素的空间异质性特征,可划分为产业结构高级化、环境规制和科技投入水平主导的东南地区;生态资源禀赋主导的华北地区;经济发展水平、城市空间集聚主导的西南地区;土地市场化主导的西北地区;人口集聚、土地财政、基础设施水平主导的东北地区。未来应因城施策、因地制宜,采取差异化的措施来提升城市土地绿色利用效率。
关键词: 城市土地绿色利用效率; 非期望超效率SBM; 时空地理加权回归
卢新海 , 李佳 , 刘超 , 匡兵 , 蔡大伟 , 侯娇 . 中国城市土地绿色利用效率驱动因素及空间分异[J]. 地理科学, 2022 , 42(4) : 611 -621 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.04.006
Improving urban land green use efficiency (ULGUE) is of great significance to achieve new progress in constructing ecological civilization, implementing the goal of peak carbon emissions and the prospect of carbon neutrality, and promoting high-quality economic development. This article first measures the ULGUE in 285 cities in China from 2009 to 2018 by using the undesired super-efficiency SBM model, then, based on the study of driving factors of ULGUE, including high efficiency of economic development, intensive urban development, ecological environment friendly, transparency of government behavior and social development equity, spatial and temporal geographical weighted regression and K-means clustering methods are used to identify and partition the spatial heterogeneity of these influencing factors to provide targeted suggestions on how to improve ULGUE. The research results show that: 1) From 2009 to 2018, ULGUE in 285 cities showed a fluctuating increase, and there are both significant agglomeration characteristics and significant inter-provincial and intra-provincial differences. On the region level, it presents a pattern of western > eastern > central China. On the scale level, it increases with the decline of the scale of the city. 2) ULGUE is interactively driven by many factors, with each influential factor having its apparent spatial heterogeneity, and these factors all show spatial banding or flake distribution pattern. Among these factors, the level of economic development, advanced industrial structure, ecological resource endowment, and environmental regulation have a positive impact on ULGUE; land marketization and land finance mainly play a negative effect; the positive and negative effect of population agglomeration, urban spatial agglomeration, the level of infrastructure, the level of scientific and educational input are all significant. 3) According to the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of ULGUE driving factors, it can be divided into five areas. They are southeast region, which is dominated by advanced industrial structure, environmental regulation, and scientific and technological investment levels; North China dominated by ecological resource endowments; southwest region dominated by economic development level and urban spatial agglomeration; northwest region dominated by land marketization; and northeast regions dominated by population agglomeration, land finance, and infrastructure levels. In the future, differentiated measures should be taken to improve the ULUE according to the city’s strategy and local conditions.
表1 ULGUE驱动因素体系Table 1 Variables of ULGUE driving factors |
表2 2009—2018年分区域、分等级城市ULGUE值Table 2 ULGUE value of cities by region and size in 2009-2018 |
| 区域 | 城市 等级 | 个数 | 年份 | 均值 | ||||||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 年度 | 地区 | 全国 | ||||
| 注:不含西藏、港澳台数据;空白为无此项。 | ||||||||||||||||
| 东部 | 特大 | 19 | 0.604 | 0.612 | 0.665 | 0.683 | 0.679 | 0.710 | 0.615 | 0.717 | 0.755 | 0.742 | 0.678 | 0.580 | 0.564 | |
| 大 | 53 | 0.464 | 0.476 | 0.508 | 0.535 | 0.569 | 0.570 | 0.426 | 0.486 | 0.566 | 0.585 | 0.519 | ||||
| 中 | 24 | 0.509 | 0.510 | 0.534 | 0.575 | 0.684 | 0.653 | 0.567 | 0.609 | 0.680 | 0.656 | 0.598 | ||||
| 小 | 5 | 0.773 | 0.692 | 0.700 | 0.820 | 0.940 | 0.846 | 0.699 | 0.724 | 0.729 | 0.726 | 0.765 | ||||
| 平均值 | 0.516 | 0.520 | 0.553 | 0.586 | 0.636 | 0.630 | 0.508 | 0.570 | 0.637 | 0.638 | ||||||
| 中部 | 特大 | 6 | 0.376 | 0.380 | 0.417 | 0.435 | 0.485 | 0.501 | 0.326 | 0.551 | 0.584 | 0.557 | 0.461 | 0.527 | ||
| 大 | 38 | 0.371 | 0.365 | 0.386 | 0.448 | 0.510 | 0.526 | 0.373 | 0.475 | 0.505 | 0.533 | 0.449 | ||||
| 中 | 42 | 0.459 | 0.475 | 0.505 | 0.551 | 0.609 | 0.579 | 0.532 | 0.562 | 0.656 | 0.641 | 0.557 | ||||
| 小 | 14 | 0.544 | 0.524 | 0.718 | 0.684 | 0.677 | 0.755 | 0.712 | 0.714 | 0.749 | 0.711 | 0.679 | ||||
| 平均值 | 0.432 | 0.435 | 0.484 | 0.523 | 0.573 | 0.579 | 0.484 | 0.549 | 0.607 | 0.604 | ||||||
| 西部 | 特大 | 4 | 0.362 | 0.373 | 0.390 | 0.395 | 0.432 | 0.457 | 0.329 | 0.484 | 0.530 | 0.510 | 0.426 | 0.590 | ||
| 大 | 34 | 0.418 | 0.410 | 0.478 | 0.578 | 0.609 | 0.585 | 0.530 | 0.558 | 0.596 | 0.610 | 0.537 | ||||
| 中 | 23 | 0.436 | 0.421 | 0.500 | 0.506 | 0.584 | 0.581 | 0.410 | 0.517 | 0.587 | 0.551 | 0.509 | ||||
| 小 | 23 | 0.678 | 0.728 | 0.723 | 0.752 | 0.838 | 0.841 | 0.619 | 0.817 | 0.917 | 0.877 | 0.779 | ||||
| 平均值 | 0.491 | 0.498 | 0.547 | 0.597 | 0.656 | 0.648 | 0.512 | 0.614 | 0.678 | 0.662 | ||||||
| 全国 | 285 | 0.480 | 0.484 | 0.527 | 0.567 | 0.620 | 0.617 | 0.501 | 0.576 | 0.639 | 0.633 | |||||
图3 2009—2018年ULGUE影响区划分审图号:GS(2020)4632(自然资源部监制),底图无修改;不含西藏、港澳台数据 Fig. 3 ULGUE impact area division from 2009 to 2018 |
表3 ULGUE驱动因素K均值聚类结果Table 3 K average clustering results of ULGUE's driving factors |
| 驱动因素 | 分类区1 | 分类区2 | 分类区3 | 分类区4 | 分类区5 |
| 注:加黑数值为各驱动因素绝对值的最大值,即该因素为对应分类区的主导因素;不含西藏、港澳台数据。 | |||||
| 经济发展水平 | 0.711 | 0.849 | 1.132 | 0.813 | 0.196 |
| 产业结构高级化 | 1.426 | 0.945 | 1.292 | 0.834 | 0.730 |
| 人口集聚 | 0.490 | –0.468 | 1.521 | 1.195 | –2.328 |
| 城市空间集聚 | –0.019 | 0.071 | 0.302 | 0.226 | –0.132 |
| 生态资源禀赋 | 1.559 | 2.164 | 1.437 | 2.030 | 1.912 |
| 环境规制 | 0.750 | 0.141 | 0.216 | 0.105 | –0.024 |
| 土地财政 | –0.083 | 0.056 | 0.071 | -0.130 | –0.293 |
| 土地市场化 | –0.185 | –0.724 | –0.452 | –1.206 | 0.007 |
| 基础设施水平 | 0.218 | 0.342 | 0.045 | 0.271 | –0.456 |
| 科教投入水平 | 1.081 | 0.575 | 0.846 | 0.415 | 0.036 |
| 城市个数 | 72 | 67 | 59 | 49 | 37 |
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