城市规模因素影响下的中国港口经济空间结构
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曾鹏(1981—),男,广西桂林人,博士,教授,博导,研究方向为城镇化与区域可持续发展。E-mail: zengpengfast@163.com |
收稿日期: 2022-07-13
修回日期: 2022-11-07
录用日期: 2023-04-06
网络出版日期: 2023-08-30
基金资助
国家社会科学基金项目(20&ZD157)
版权
Spatial structure of China's port economy under the influence of urban scale
Received date: 2022-07-13
Revised date: 2022-11-07
Accepted date: 2023-04-06
Online published: 2023-08-30
Supported by
National Social Science Foundationof China(20&ZD157)
Copyright
港口被视为城市地区经济增长的主要驱动力。港口经济空间结构研究对指导港区发展具有重要意义。基于超大城市、特大城市、大城市以及中等城市4种城市规模,选取中国位于不同规模城市的12个港口作为研究对象,进而以POI大数据为基础,运用Ripley's K函数、核密度估计等方法分析不同城市规模下的港口经济聚散分布模式,运用产业指数法分析不同城市规模下港口经济的圈层特征,从而考察城市规模影响下中国港口经济的空间结构,探讨港口经济的发展程度及分布规律。研究结果表示:① 大部分港口的产业数量规模会随着城市规模的由大到小呈现出依次递减的特征。同时由于港口和周边居民对衍生产业的基本服务具有一定的刚性需求,因此港口周围分布的各类产业在数量上也有所差异,整体来看港口周围分布的衍生产业的POI数量明显比相关服务业多;② 港口核心区30 km的范围内,各规模城市的产业由于受到船舶、货物转运及港口综合服务等产业带动的影响均呈现出集聚分布特征,其中:特大城市和大城市产业集聚程度随港口距离变化的幅度强于超大城市,而中等城市的产业集聚强度没有随港口距离表现出明显的规律;③ 随着城市规模等级的逐渐降低,港口区圈层内的产业数量出现衰减现象,同时衍生服务产业主要分布在内部圈层和中间圈层,相关服务产业则在中间圈层和外部圈层分布较多,并且产业叠加现象较明显。基于以上分析结果,未来港口区的开发建设应当更加注重复合型产业设计思路,打造具有产业综合体特征的港口经济空间结构,同时遵循土地集约化的理念,促进港口经济密集和结构优化,其港口经济分布范围优先考虑在港口30 km以内进行开拓。
曾鹏 , 曾怒娇 , 唐婷婷 . 城市规模因素影响下的中国港口经济空间结构[J]. 地理科学, 2023 , 43(8) : 1329 -1339 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2023.08.002
Ports are regarded as the main driving force of economic growth in urban areas. The study of port economic spatial structure is of great significance to guide the development of port areas. Based on the four urban scales of mega cities, mega cities, large cities and medium-sized cities, this paper selects 12 ports located in cities of different sizes as the research object, and then based on POI big data, uses Ripley's K function, kernel density estimation and other methods to analyze the agglomeration and distribution mode of port economy under different urban scales, and uses the industrial index method to analyze the circle characteristics of port economy under different urban scales, So as to investigate the spatial structure of China's port economy under the influence of city scale, and explore the development degree and distribution law of port economy. The results show that: 1) The number and scale of industries in most ports will show a decreasing trend as the city size increases. At the same time, due to the rigid demand of the port and surrounding residents for basic services in derivative industries, there are differences in the quantity of various industries distributed around the port. Overall, the number of POIs in derivative industries distributed around the port is significantly higher than that in related service industries; 2) Within a range of 30 kilometers of the core port area, industries of all sizes of cities exhibit agglomeration distribution characteristics due to the influence of industries such as ships, cargo transportation, and comprehensive port services. Among them, the degree of industrial agglomeration in mega cities and large cities varies more strongly with port distance than in mega cities, while the intensity of industrial agglomeration in medium-sized cities does not show a clear pattern with port distance; 3) With the gradual reduction of the city scale level, the number of industries in the circle of the port area has declined. At the same time, the derivative service industries are mainly distributed in the inner circle and the middle circle, while the related service industries are more distributed in the middle circle and the outer circle, and the phenomenon of industrial superposition is more obvious. Based on the above analysis results, the development and construction of Gangkou District in the future should pay more attention to the idea of composite industrial design, create a port economic spatial structure with the characteristics of industrial complex, and at the same time follow the concept of land intensification to promote port economic concentration and structural optimization. The port economic distribution scope should give priority to development within 30 km.
Key words: city size; POI data; port economy
表1 城市及港口的选取Table 1 Selection of cities and ports |
| 年吞吐量/万t | 超大城市 >1000万人 | 特大城市(500万人, 1000万人] | 大城市(100万人, 500万人] | 中等城市(50万人, 100万人] |
| 大型港口>15000 | 上海市-上海港 | 大连市-大连港 | 连云港市-连云港港 | 舟山市-洋山港 |
| 中等港口 [5000, 15000] | 武汉市-阳逻港 | 哈尔滨市-哈尔滨港 | 珠海市-高栏港 | 防城港市-防城港港 |
| 小型港口<5000 | 重庆市-重庆中交新生港 | 宁波市-梅山港 | 黄石市-黄石新港 | 儋州市-洋浦港 |
表2 港口区的产业分类Table 2 Industrial classification of port area |
| 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 行业分类 | POI类型 |
| 港口经济 | 相关产业 | 港航服务业 | 交通设施服务、管道船舶供给服务、维修站点服务 |
| 运输服务业 | 物流仓储服务 | ||
| 临港工业 | 矿产、冶金、石化加工服务、机械加工服务、制造业 | ||
| 衍生产业 | 商业服务业 | 金融保险服务、住宿旅游服务、商贸服务、餐饮服务 |
表3 2021年12个本港口的港口经济POI数量/个Table 3 The summary of the industrial POI in port areas in 2021 |
| 城市 规模 | 港口 | 交通设 施服务 | 管道船 舶供给 | 维修 站点 | 物流仓 储服务 | 冶金矿石 石化加工 | 机械 加工 | 制造业 | 金融保 险服务 | 住宿旅 游服务 | 商贸 服务 | 餐饮 服务 | 同类城市规模港 口区的POI总数 |
| 注:港口所在城市见表1。 | |||||||||||||
| 超大城市 | 上海港 | 2920 | 72 | 399 | 1200 | 287 | 240 | 571 | 608 | 748 | 224 | 10018 | 24 427 |
| 阳逻港 | 802 | 20 | 65 | 88 | 32 | 37 | 82 | 267 | 375 | 53 | 2893 | ||
| 重庆中交 新生港 | 268 | 6 | 63 | 33 | 15 | 13 | 9 | 234 | 188 | 6 | 1591 | ||
| 特大城市 | 大连港 | 760 | 71 | 33 | 62 | 12 | 9 | 27 | 485 | 670 | 115 | 3975 | 20 683 |
| 哈尔滨港 | 982 | 12 | 85 | 380 | 76 | 25 | 179 | 272 | 658 | 105 | 4217 | ||
| 梅山港 | 1062 | 33 | 141 | 723 | 46 | 549 | 396 | 466 | 578 | 177 | 3302 | ||
| 大城市 | 连云港港 | 561 | 38 | 35 | 149 | 48 | 31 | 89 | 170 | 638 | 43 | 2051 | 11593 |
| 高栏港 | 736 | 18 | 98 | 95 | 105 | 86 | 154 | 184 | 539 | 69 | 2580 | ||
| 黄石新港 | 363 | 4 | 47 | 61 | 38 | 28 | 20 | 223 | 484 | 58 | 1750 | ||
| 中等城市 | 洋山港 | 152 | 5 | 9 | 24 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 47 | 1030 | 10 | 430 | 6813 |
| 防城港港 | 258 | 7 | 39 | 110 | 25 | 13 | 24 | 150 | 617 | 36 | 1254 | ||
| 洋浦港 | 289 | 7 | 36 | 42 | 20 | 13 | 12 | 244 | 683 | 44 | 1170 | ||
| 产业POI总数 | 9153 | 293 | 1050 | 2967 | 707 | 1046 | 1571 | 3350 | 7208 | 940 | 35231 | 63516 | |
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