基于兴趣点的上海五个新城设施空间结构研究
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沈思矣(1997—),女,浙江慈溪人,硕士研究生,研究方向为人口地理学、城市大数据。E-mail: cicishen_cn@163.com |
收稿日期: 2023-01-16
修回日期: 2023-04-16
网络出版日期: 2024-06-04
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目资助(71950004)
版权
Spatial structure of facilities in Five New Towns of Shanghai based on POI data
Received date: 2023-01-16
Revised date: 2023-04-16
Online published: 2024-06-04
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(71950004)
Copyright
本文基于高德地图兴趣点(POI)数据,将其分为生活、生产、公共3类设施,采用核密度估计法、Ripley’s K函数等空间分析方法,并设计了一个反映设施类型结构在空间中演化的三角轨迹模型,以上海主城区为参考,基于不同类型设施的数量、分布和聚集程度,分析了上海五个新城的设施空间结构特征和分布规律,探讨了五个新城进一步建设的方向。研究发现:与上海主城区相比,五个新城的设施空间分布特征差异明显,发展历史较长的新城已经出现明显的单中心空间结构,而发展历史较短的新城表现为微弱的多中心结构;从设施高密度圈层到低密度圈层,主城区的设施类型结构变化较小,表现出内部“城市功能趋同”的特征,而五个新城则均表现出生活设施的占比逐步降低而公共设施和生产设施的占比升高的趋势,新城之间呈现“扩张结构趋同”的特征;新城的高密度圈层中,生活设施占比均高于主城区水平,表现出一定的“卧城”特征;低密度圈层中,尽管生产设施占比均高于高密度圈层,但不同类型设施聚集中心高度重合表明生产设施的聚集中心同样在新城的中心区,其外围城市功能薄弱,并没有出现完善的“专业功能中心”。因此,新城的进一步建设需强调设施的均衡协调发展,完善城市功能,避免出现“卧城”“空城”等现象。
沈思矣 , 顾高翔 , 张颖 , 刘杰 . 基于兴趣点的上海五个新城设施空间结构研究[J]. 地理科学, 2024 , 44(5) : 843 -852 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20220301
Since the Industrial Revolution, the agglomeration effect brought by the high specialization and division of labor of industry has continuously guided the concentration of elements and resources to cities. The rapid expansion has resulted in an increase in gathering costs, which has triggered a series of pressures on population, transportation, housing, environment, etc. These factors lead to the decline of the attractiveness of central cities and the transfer of urban development elements to multi centers. Among them, Shanghai has been exploring the breakthrough of polycentric development for a long time since the 1980s. The Shanghai Urban Master Plan (2017—2035) issued in 2017 proposed the new town development strategy of cultivating Shanghai’s Five New Towns into comprehensive nodes with radiating and driving capabilities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Therefore, based on the existing polycentric research and POI data, this paper studies the spatial structure characteristics of the Five New Towns in Shanghai during the polycentric process. Compared with previous studies on urban spatial structure, this paper focuses on the spatial distribution pattern of facilities at the micro level, at the same time, explores the combination characteristics of urban spatial structure between different circles, and innovates the research methods of urban spatial structure. Based on AutoNavi Maps point of interest (POI) data, this paper divides POI into 3 types of facilities: living, production and public. Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Ripley’s K Function are mainly used, and a triangular trajectory model is designed to reflect the structural evolution of facility types in space. Taking the main urban area of Shanghai as a reference, based on the number, distribution and aggregation degree of different types of facilities, this paper analyzes the spatial structure characteristics and distribution rules of facilities in the Five New Towns in Shanghai, and probes into the further construction direction of the five towns. The results show that compared with the urban area, the spatial distribution characteristics of facilities in the Five New Towns are significantly difference. The new towns with long development history have obvious single center spatial structure, while those with short development history show weak multi center structure. From the high-density circles to the low-density circles, the structure of facility types in the main urban area changes little, showing the characteristics of internal “convergence of urban functions”, while the Five New Towns show the trend of gradually decreasing the proportion of living facilities and increasing the proportion of public and production facilities. Between new towns, it shows the characteristics of “convergence of expansion structure”. In the high-density circles of the new towns, the proportion of living facilities is slightly higher than that of the main urban area, reflecting certain characteristics of “sleeping town”. In the low-density circles, although the proportion of production facilities is higher than that in the high-density circle, the concentration centers of 3 facilities are highly overlapped, indicating that the concentration center of production facilities is also in the central area of the new town, and its peripheral urban functions are weak, so there is no perfect “professional function center”. Therefore, the further construction of the Five New Towns needs to emphasize the balanced and coordinated development of facilities, improve urban functions and avoid the phenomena of “bedroom town” or “ghost town”.
表1 3类设施在空间中的关系类型Table 1 Relationship types of 3 types of facilities in space |
| 类型 | 关系 | 图示 |
| 注:“>”代表靠前设施在空间内占比更高;li、pi、ci分别为空间内生活设施、生产设施、公共设施的所占比例。 | ||
| Ⅰ | pi>ci>li | ![]() |
| Ⅱ | ci>pi>li | |
| Ⅲ | ci>li>pi | |
| Ⅳ | li>ci>pi | |
| Ⅴ | li>pi>ci | |
| Ⅵ | pi>li>ci | |
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