基于PLUS模拟未来土地利用变化的可持续发展评估——以江西省为例
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杨子韬(2000—),男,湖南岳阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事景观生态与土地利用评估研究。E-mail: yangzitao0414@igsnrr.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-06-17
修回日期: 2023-09-22
网络出版日期: 2024-11-01
基金资助
中国科学院基础前沿科学研究计划从0到1原始创新项目(ZDBS-LY-DQC023)
版权
Sustainability assessment based on PLUS simulation of future land use change: A case study of Jiangxi Province
Received date: 2023-06-17
Revised date: 2023-09-22
Online published: 2024-11-01
Supported by
The Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Basic Frontier Scientific Research Program Goes from 0 to 1 Original Innovation Project(ZDBS-LY-DQC023)
Copyright
以江西省2010年和2020年土地利用现状为基期数据,并结合江西省自然资源特点与土地利用政策,利用PLUS模型对该省2030年土地利用进行3种未来情景模拟(正常发展情景、生态保护情景和耕地保护情景);通过模拟分析发掘其内涵生长规律和土地转变机制;并基于可持续发展理念对未来的3种发展情景结果进行评估,结果表明:① 2010—2020年江西省土地利用主要表现为耕地、林地面积的持续减少,灌木和建设用地面积的稳定上升;土地转型过程中耕、林、灌木地转变突出,耕地和林地是建设用地的扩张之源,林地与耕地之间存在置换;② 在未来(2030年)3种情景的模拟适宜性评估中,正常发展情景的面积变化较2010—2020年基本一致,其社会效益和经济效益最高,情景模拟适宜性指数(SSI)值最大,可持续发展潜力最好;生态保护情景下灌木地、水域、湿地面积略有增加,耕地锐减,对比其他两种情景,其生态效益最好,情景适宜性良好;耕地保护情景下的耕地资源回补,林地面积大幅减少,建设用地和灌木面积增加,其经济效益最低,情景适宜性一般。多情景模拟反映了江西省不同侧重点的发展需求,为管理者在未来国土空间规划和开发上提供参考依据。
杨子韬 , 田莉 . 基于PLUS模拟未来土地利用变化的可持续发展评估——以江西省为例[J]. 地理科学, 2024 , 44(10) : 1826 -1836 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20230581
This paper takes the current land use situation in Jiangxi Province in 2010 and 2020 as the base period data, and combines the characteristics of natural resources and land use policies in Jiangxi Province, then it uses the PLUS model to simulate three future scenarios of land use in the province in 2030 (the normal development scenario, the ecological protection scenario, and the arable land protection scenario), discovering the connotation of the growth law and the mechanism of land transformation through the simulation analysis and evaluating the results of the three future development scenarios based on the concept of sustainable development. The results of the three future development scenarios were evaluated based on the concept of sustainable development. The results show that: 1) From 2010 to 2020, the main trends in land use in Jiangxi Province are a continuous decrease in farmland and forest area, and a stable increase in shrub and construction land area. During the land transformation process, the conversion between farmland, forest, and shrub land is prominent, with farmland and forest serving as the main sources of construction land expansion, and there is a substitution relationship between forest and farmland. 2) In the suitability assessment of the three future scenarios (2030), the normal development scenario shows consistent changes in area compared to the 2010—2020 period. It has the highest social and economic benefits, the largest suitability simulation index (SSI), and the best potential for sustainable development. Under the ecological protection scenario, the areas of shrub land, water bodies, and wetlands slightly increase, while farmland decreases significantly. Compared to the other two scenarios, it has the best ecological benefits and good suitability. Under the farmland protection scenario, farmland resources are replenished, forest area decreases sharply, and the areas of construction land and shrub land increase. It has the lowest economic benefits and moderate suitability. The multi-scenario simulations reflect the different development needs of Jiangxi Province, providing reference for managers in future land spatial planning and development.
Key words: land use; PLUS model; scenario simulation; Jiangxi Province; sustainable development
表1 驱动因素数据来源信息Table 1 Driver data source information |
| 序号 | 驱动因素 | 年份(分辨率) | 代号 | 数据来源 |
| 1 | 年均温 | 2020(1 km) | GST | 中国科学院资源环境数据中心① |
| 2 | 年降水 | 2020(1 km) | PRE | 中国科学院资源环境数据中心 |
| 3 | 高程数据 | 2009(30 m) | DEM | 地理空间数据云② |
| 4 | 坡度 | 2009(30 m) | Slope | ArcGIS 坡度分析 |
| 5 | 地区生产总值 | 2019(1 km) | GDP | 中国科学院资源环境数据中心 |
| 6 | 人口密度 | 2019(1 km) | POP | 中科院资源环境数据中心 |
| 7 | 距道路距离 | 2017(30 m) | Road | 路网数据来源于全国地理信息资源目录服务系统③, 距离栅格数据经ArcGIS欧氏距离分析得到 |
| 8 | 距铁路距离 | 2017(30 m) | Rail | 路网数据来源于全国地理信息资源目录服务系统, 距离栅格数据经ArcGIS欧氏距离分析得到 |
表2 3种模拟发展情景Table 2 Three simulated development scenarios |
| 模拟发展情景 | 基本要求 |
| 正常发展情景 | 假设未来土地利用政策不变,土地利用变化情况与2010—2020年变化情况保持一致,各地类被转移概率不作调整 |
| 生态保护情景 | 在江西省“十四五”生态环境保护规划中表示,要坚决划定和严守生态保护红线,保障生态安全和国土安全。为实现生态保护的目的,设定减少林地、草地、灌木地、湿地和水域的被转移发生概率(林地和湿地减少30%,草地、灌木地和水域减少20%),其他地类概率不做变化 |
| 耕地保护情景 | 据江西省人民政府发布的《关于加强耕地保护的意见》,文件提出要坚守(26 697.27 km2)耕地保护红线。因此本文在该情景下,通过减少耕地被转移发生概率(40%),禁止耕地转变为建设用地、裸地和草地,其他地类的概率不作变化,来控制耕地转变为其他地类,以实现耕地资源的补充 |
表3 区域模拟情景适宜性评价指标体系Table 3 Sustainable development indicator system based on scenario simulation |
| 系统 | 子系统 | 指标 | 解释 | 属性 | 权重/% |
| 情景模拟适宜 性指数(SSI) | 社会效益(Sl) | 人均耕地面积(Pc) | 当期耕地面积/当期人口数量 | 正 | |
| 城市化效率(Ue) | 当期建设用地面积/当期城镇化率 | 正 | |||
| 经济效益(Ey) | 建设经济效率(Ce) | 研究期新增建设用地面积/研究期新增GDP | 正 | ||
| 生态经济效率(Ee) | 当期生态系统服务价值/当期地区生产总值 | 正 | |||
| 生态效益(Eg) | 生态系统服务价值(ESV) | 基于陆地生态系统价值当量表计算 | 正 | ||
| 生态承载力(ECC) | 基于均衡因子和产量因子计算 | 正 | |||
| 生态安全指数(ESI) | 基于景观干扰指数和景观脆弱指数计算 | 正 |
表4 2010—2020年江西省土地利用变化数量指标Table 4 Quantity index of land use change in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2020 |
| 土地利用类型 | 面积变化/km2 | 面积变化幅度/% | 年均变化率/% | 动态度/‰ |
| 耕地 | −424.110 | −0.225 | −0.102 | 2.093 |
| 林地 | − | −1.218 | −0.172 | 2.062 |
| 草地 | 7.028 | 0.004 | 2.608 | 0.004 |
| 灌木地 | 568.694 | 0.301 | 3.859 | 0.351 |
| 湿地 | 61.451 | 0.033 | 2.913 | 0.033 |
| 水域 | 238.029 | 0.126 | 0.390 | 0.277 |
| 建设用地 | 0.979 | 3.314 | 0.979 | |
| 裸地 | 0.293 | 0.000 | 5.102 | 0.000 |
表5 2020—2030年江西省土地利用面积及面积变化Table 5 Three situations of land use area and area changes in Jiangxi Province from 2020 to 2030 |
| 土地利 用类型 | 2020年实际土地 利用面积/km2 | 2030年情景模拟土地利用面积/km2 | 2020—2030年土地面积变化/km2 | |||||
| 正常发展情景 | 生态保护情景 | 耕地保护情景 | 正常发展情景 | 生态保护情景 | 耕地保护情景 | |||
| 耕地 | −426.60 | − | 438.84 | |||||
| 林地 | − | −545.63 | − | |||||
| 草地 | 33.98 | 40.97 | 32.73 | 40.07 | 7.00 | −1.25 | 6.09 | |
| 灌木地 | 540.23 | 301.07 | 537.33 | |||||
| 湿地 | 272.40 | 334.42 | 334.50 | 291.67 | 62.03 | 62.10 | 19.28 | |
| 水域 | 228.15 | 161.09 | −102.83 | |||||
| 建设用地 | 626.49 | |||||||
| 裸地 | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.29 | 0.76 | −0.11 | −0.58 | −0.11 | |
表6 江西2020年现状及2030年3种模拟情景的指标计算结果Table 6 Current situation of Jiangxi in 2020 and index calculation results of three simulation scenarios in 2030 |
| 指标 | 2020年现状 | 2030年模拟 | ||
| 正常发展情景 | 生态保护情景 | 耕地保护情景 | ||
| 注:数据经过归一化处理。 | ||||
| 人均耕地面积(Pc) | ||||
| 城市化效率(Ue) | ||||
| 建设经济效率(Ce) | ||||
| 生态经济效率(Ee) | ||||
| 生态系统服务价值(ESV) | ||||
| 生态承载力(ECC) | ||||
| 生态安全指数(ESI) | ||||
| 社会效益(Sl) | ||||
| 经济效益(Ey) | ||||
| 生态效益(Eg) | ||||
| 情景模拟适宜性指数(SSI) | ||||
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