国土空间规划背景下中国都市圈规划的定位、编制技术与实施保障
苏鹤放(1997—),女,安徽芜湖人,博士研究生,主要从事国土空间规划研究。E-mail: 502307071@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2023-06-29
修回日期: 2023-11-20
网络出版日期: 2024-11-12
基金资助
国家重点研发计划重点专项课题(2018YFD1100105)
版权
Metropolitan planning in the context of territorial spatial planning: Positioning, technological system and implementation guarantee
Received date: 2023-06-29
Revised date: 2023-11-20
Online published: 2024-11-12
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1100105)
Copyright
应对中国国土空间规划体系重构的背景和国家空间治理现代化的要求,本文对都市圈空间规划的定位、编制技术与实施保障进行了系统探讨。都市圈规划属于国土空间规划体系中特定区域的专项规划,本研究提出:① 从都市圈概念内涵出发,遵循“中心城市−城镇化地区−功能联系地区”的逻辑关系,构建了一套规范、标准的新时代都市圈空间范围划定方法。② 突出“目标引领、问题导向、注重实施”的逻辑主线前提下,构建中国都市圈规划的技术体系,都市圈规划必须在共同发展目标引领下,突出问题导向和聚焦重点。③ 在规划内容制定上,应根据都市圈不同发展阶段存在的问题,因时制宜确定规划主要内容;聚焦都市圈事权划分中都市圈层级事权重点,因地制宜设置规划主要内容。④ 都市圈规划实施必须加快体制机制创新,从组织保障、协同保障、法律保障、财务保障和政策保障5个方面建立规划实施保障体系。期望以此为中国新时代都市圈规划编制和空间治理提供理论基础和方法指导。
苏鹤放 , 顾朝林 . 国土空间规划背景下中国都市圈规划的定位、编制技术与实施保障[J]. 地理科学, 2024 , 44(10) : 1718 -1728 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20230621
This paper systematically investigated the positioning, technological system and implementation guarantee measures of metropolitan planning. Metropolitan planning is positioned as a specialized planning for specific regions in the territorial spatial planning system. By clarifying the geographical definition and connotascope of metropolitan area as the fundamental basis of research, following logical steps of “central city-urbanized area-functional area”. Most of all, a new technological system of metropolitan planning was established from a goal-oriented, problem-oriented and implementation-focused perspective as follows. Firstly, an approach to overcome the local benefit contradiction in metropolitan planning may be to unify the demands of different cities into a common goal of development, calling for collaborative and concerted actions on construction of traffic network, industrial development, market consolidation, science and technology cooperation, information sharing and ecological restoration through metropolitan area. Secondly, what to plan in metropolitan planning should take into account the different development stages and government affairs. On one hand, a systematic analysis on the content of metropolitan planning was conducted in this paper following the principles of “corresponding to the development stages” to achieve the objective of practicability and validity; on the other hand, the key to adjust the overlapping content of plans is to figure out the responsibility of planning authority of the central and local governments, and to link the content with limited administrative jurisdictions of the metropolitan government. Last but not the least, the paper suggested to speed up the innovation of mechanism in order to optimize the implementation of metropolitan planning, and a guarantee system for the implementation was proposed with improvements from 5 aspects: institutional construct, coordination mechanism, law insurance, finance support and policy enforcement. It provided advanced theoretical references and methodological guidance for the spatial planning and governance of China’s metropolitan area in the new era.
表1 都市圈不同发展阶段的发展特征、主要问题和规划内容Table 1 Characteristics, problems and contents of plan in different development stages of metropolitan area |
雏形发育期 | 快速发展期 | 趋于成熟期 | |
注:根据文献[25-30]整理。 | |||
发展特征 | 中心城市快速成长,形成区域极化效应,人口、产业等生产要素向中心城市集聚;中心城市与周边地区之间的联系逐渐加强;区域空间结构为单核心点状放射空间结构 | 中心城市发展达到一定规模,对区域的扩散作用日益增强;快速交通系统成为中心城市向外辐射的轴线;中心城市产业结构不断升级,地区间专业化分工格局开始形成;周围城市成为新的经济增长点;区域空间结构为点轴空间结构 | 中心城市人口与服务压力得到疏散,周边城市经济实力提升,基础设施趋于完善,实现中心城市与周边城市的互联互通;中心城市生产服务业不断集中,区域性甚至国际性职能不断增强;制造业向外围迁移,都市圈内部城市之间分工体系逐渐成熟与合理化;区域空间结构为网络化空间结构 |
主要问题 | 中心城市呈郊区化蔓延趋势;中心城市人口规模和产业集聚水平不高;中心城市与周边地区的联系不够通畅 | 中心城市人口密度过大,服务能力不足,生态承载压力大;中心城市环境恶化、土地资源与住房短缺;中心城市人口、资源要素和经济活动过度集中导致成本不断增加 | 区域联通效率有待进一步提升;区域人居环境有待进一步优化;区域国际竞争力有待进一步提升;区域一体化发展水平有待进一步提高 |
规划内容 | 凝聚都市圈共同的目标愿景;抑制中心城市无序蔓延;加强区域交通等基础设施一体化建设;加强区域公共设施一体化发展;促进人口、资源和产业向中心城市集聚;形成区域间专业化产业分工格局,提升中心城市综合实力和辐射带动能力 | 落实上位国土空间规划提出的约束性目标与底线管控要求;促进中心城市产业升级和功能扩散,形成区域分工体系;加强区域交通设施一体化建设,构建区域化交通网络;加强区域基础设施一体化建设,增强区域整体竞争优势;重视区域生态绿带与游憩系统建设;加强区域一体化市场建设,推进生产要素在区域内部高效流动;促进区域空间结构由点轴结构向网络化发展 | 加强轨道交通建设,形成立体化协同的交通网络;注重人居质量、社会文化、防灾减灾等城市品质的提升,提高中心城市吸引力;划定都市圈整体生态空间格局,解决跨区域生态环境问题;部署跨区域交通网络、基础设施、生态廊道等重大安排;形成网络化、多中心的区域空间结构,提高区域国际竞争力;推进区域内部城乡融合发展,形成更大尺度的区域联系和整合,推进都市圈由点到面 |
表2 都市圈事权划分与规划主要内容Table 2 Main contents of metropolitan planning based on the division of government affairs |
中央事权 | 都市圈层级事权 | 地方事权 | |
注:根据文献[32-37]整理。 | |||
区域事 权划分 | 全国范围内经济调节、市场监管、社会管理、公共服务、生态环境保护等职能;中央宏观事务管理,维护国家法制统一、政令统一、市场统一;跨区域生态环境保护等事权 | 都市圈内跨行政区的经济调节、市场监管、社会管理、公共服务、生态环境保护等职能 | 地方政府行政辖区内经济调节、市场监管、社会管理、公共服务、生态环境等事务;保证上位规划任务在本辖区的属地落实 |
规划主 要内容 | 全国国土空间规划纲领性目标,提出的生态保护红线、永久基本农田保护红线、城镇开发边界管控要求;全国主体功能区规划内容落实;国家发展规划重大战略、重大项目落实;国家级重要区域管控 | 跨区域综合交通网络;跨区域市政基础设施;跨区域公共服务协调;跨区域市场一体化;跨区域生态廊道衔接;跨区域生态环境共保共治;跨区域重大安全体系;跨区域重要协同事项 | 落实上位规划发展任务和空间底线 |
本研究得到自然资源部国土空间规划局的大力支持,感谢周恺、顾江、高喆、郑毅、陈乐琳等专家学者对于研究工作提供的宝贵建议和帮助。
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