脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接背景下脱贫县发展类型与路径
柴力行(2000—),男,云南曲靖人,硕士研究生,研究方向为劳工地理学、区域不平衡发展。E-mail: chailx@mail2.sysu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-08-23
修回日期: 2023-11-11
网络出版日期: 2024-11-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42122007)
国家自然科学基金项目(41930646)
广东省自然科学基金项目(2024A1515010939)
版权
Identifying development types and paths of poverty-eliminated counties for the effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization
Received date: 2023-08-23
Revised date: 2023-11-11
Online published: 2024-11-28
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42122007)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930646)
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515010939)
Copyright
针对脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接时期脱贫县发展研究的不足,本文基于地理资本的理论视角,采用随机森林和耦合协调模型方法测评了脱贫县的地理资本,识别了过渡时期脱贫县的发展重点、类型和路径。研究表明:① 脱贫县的地理资本水平总体上呈现自东南向西北递减的空间差异格局,经济−社会地理资本和社会−生态地理资本失调现象较显著,失调县数量占比分别达到62.8%和56.4%,且多表现为社会地理资本制约。② 识别出以防止区域性返贫为发展重点的脱贫县326个、5种发展类型,主要连片式分布于胡焕庸线西北侧的高寒山区和干旱荒漠地带;识别出以全面推进乡村振兴为发展重点的脱贫县426个、6种发展类型,主要分布在胡焕庸线东南侧。③ 促进各类地理资本的耦合协调推动脱贫县的持续发展,对于防止返贫的脱贫县,应当加大外部支持,突破地理资本间相互低水平制约的困境;对于全面乡村振兴的脱贫县,应当重点提升社会地理资本,将经济发展转化为民生福祉。
柴力行 , 蔡勃伟 , 黄耿志 . 脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接背景下脱贫县发展类型与路径[J]. 地理科学, 2024 , 44(11) : 1997 -2006 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20230777
In response to the shortcomings of research on the development of poverty-eliminated counties during the period of effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, this article, based on the theoretical perspective of geographical capital, uses random forest and coupling coordination model methods to evaluate the geographical capital of poverty-eliminated counties, and identifies the development priorities, types, and strategies of poverty-eliminated counties during the transitional period. Findings are shown as follows. First, the geographical capital level of poverty-eliminated counties generally shows a decreasing spatial difference pattern from southeast to northwest. The phenomenon of imbalances in economic and social geographical capital, as well as social and ecological geographical capital, is relatively significant, with the proportion of incongruous counties accounting for 62.8% and 56.4%. Most of these counties are constrained by social geographical capital. Second, it is identified that 326 of poverty-eliminated counties should take preventing the return of regional poverty as priority while 426 of them should take promoting rural revitalization as priority during the transition period. The former counties is divided into 5 sub-types with different development strategies, which are mainly located in the central and western regions on the northwest side of Hu Line; the latter is divided into 6 types, which are mainly located on the southeast side of Hu Line. Third, it is suggested that promoting positive interaction of various geographical capital is important for the sustainable development of poverty-eliminated counties. For the poverty-eliminated counties with preventing the return of regional poverty as priority, external support should be strengthened to break through the dilemma of low-level constraints from geographical capital; for those counties which take promoting rural revitalization as the development priority, emphasis should be placed on the enhancement of social geographical capital and transformation of economic development into people’s well-being.
表1 脱贫县地理资本指标体系Table 1 Geographical capital index system for poverty-eliminated counties |
一级指标 | 二级指标 | 代理变量及含义 | 指标方向 | 权重 |
经济地理资本 | X1 人均地区生产总值/万元 | 地区生产总值/七普人口,表示地区经济发展水平 | + | |
X2 第一产业发展水平/万元 | 第一产业增加值,表示农业经济发展情况 | + | ||
X3 第二产业发展水平/万元 | 第二产业增加值,表示工业经济发展情况 | + | ||
X4 第三产业发展水平/万元 | 第三产业增加值,表示服务业、旅游业等第三产业发展情况 | + | ||
X5 政府财政收入/万元 | 政府一般公共预算收入,表示脱贫县所获财政支持情况 | + | ||
X6 政府财政支出/万元 | 政府一般公共预算支出,表示脱贫县在防止返贫和推进乡村振兴方面的投入情况 | + | ||
X7 县域内有无高铁站 | 有高铁站为1,无高铁站为0,表示对外交通便利度 | + | ||
X8 到最近中心城市的距离/km | 到最近省会(首府)城市或GDP排名前50位城市的距离,表示脱贫县的经济区位 | − | ||
社会地理资本 | X9 人均第二产业就业/% | 第二产业从业人员/七普人口,表示第二产业就业情况 | + | |
X10人均第三产业就业/% | 第三产业从业人员/七普人口,表示第三产业就业情况 | + | ||
X11人均居民储蓄存款/ (万元/人) | 居民储蓄存款/七普人口,表示居民收入储蓄情况 | + | ||
X12人均金融机构贷款/ (万元/人) | 金融机构贷款余额/七普人口,表示居民获取金融贷款的机会和能力 | + | ||
X13 城镇化率/% | 建成区面积/行政区面积,表示县域城镇化水平和经济活动集中程度 | + | ||
X14义务教育水平/% | 中学学校在校人数/七普人口,表示义务教育服务水平 | + | ||
X15卫生医疗设施水平/ (床/人) | 卫生医疗机构床位数/七普人口,表示卫生医疗环境 | + | ||
X16社会福利设施水平/ (床/人) | 社会福利收养机构床位数/七普人口,表示社会福利状况 | + | ||
生态地理资本 | X17生态系统供给服务功能 | 获取脱贫县2020年的土地利用情况,并根据谢高地等[26]提出的中国单位面积生态系统服务价值当量表进行计算,考虑到县域行政面积的差异,对其做面积平均处理 | + | |
X18生态系统调节服务功能 | 同上 | + | ||
X19生态系统支持服务功能 | 同上 | + | ||
X20生态系统文化服务功能 | 同上 | + | ||
X21平均坡度/(°) | 脱贫县行政区范围内地形的陡缓程度,表示农业生产、开发建设的基本条件 | − | ||
X22地形起伏度 | 脱贫县行政区范围内的地表破碎程度,表示农业生产、开发建设的基本条件 | − | ||
X23平均高程/m | 脱贫县的平均高程,表示地区水热条件、交通条件等 | − | ||
X24平均降水量/mm | 2010—2019年各县域平均降水量,表示县域降水情况 | + |
表2 耦合协调类型划分Table 2 Division of coupling coordination types |
耦合协调度(D) | 划分依据 | 协调类型 |
0 < D ≤ 0.4 | |EGCI1−SGCI|>0.1,|EGCI1−EGCI2|>0.1,|SGCI−EGCI2|>0.1 | 失调–经济/社会/生态地理资本制约 |
|EGCI1−SGCI|≤0.1,|EGCI1−EGCI2|≤0.1,|SGCI−EGCI2|≤0.1 | 失调–相互制约 | |
0.4 < D ≤ 1.0 | |EGCI1−SGCI|>0.1,|EGCI1−EGCI2|>0.1,|SGCI−EGCI2|>0.1 | 协调–经济/社会/生态地理资本滞后 |
|EGCI1−SGCI|≤0.1,|EGCI1−EGCI2|≤0.1,|SGCI−EGCI2|≤0.1 | 协调–相互促进 |
表3 脱贫县域发展类型及其地理资本状况Table 3 Types and geographical capital status of poverty-eliminated counties |
类别 | 类型 | 数量 | EGCI1−SGCI | EGCI1−EGCI2 | SGCI−EGCI2 |
注:各维度地理资本水平对应的地理资本指数区间见表2;由于三维地理资本组合类型较多且部分类型数量极少,对数量少于10的类型进行了适当合并;EGCI1−SGCI表示经济地理资本和社会地理资本的耦合协调关系;EGCI1−EGCI2和SGCI−EGCI2表示对应资本耦合协调关系。 | |||||
防止区域性返贫 | Ⅰ型 | 43 | 协调−相互促进 | 协调−经济地理资本滞后 | 协调−社会地理资本滞后 |
Ⅱ型 | 19 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 | 协调−相互促进 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 | |
Ⅲ型 | 42 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 | 协调−经济地理资本滞后 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 | |
Ⅳ型 | 108 | 失调−相互制约 | 协调−经济地理资本滞后 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 | |
Ⅴ型 | 114 | 失调−相互制约 | 失调−经济地理资本制约 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 | |
全面推进乡村振兴 | Ⅰ型 | 15 | 协调−社会地理资本滞后 | 协调−相互促进 | 协调−社会地理资本制约 |
Ⅱ型 | 81 | 协调−社会地理资本滞后 | 协调−经济地理资本滞后 | 协调−社会地理资本滞后 | |
Ⅲ型 | 176 | 协调−相互促进 | 协调−经济地理资本滞后 | 协调−社会地理资本滞后 | |
Ⅳ型 | 11 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 | 协调−相互促进 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 | |
Ⅴ型 | 63 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 | 协调−经济地理资本滞后 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 | |
Ⅵ型 | 80 | 失调−相互制约 | 协调−经济地理资本滞后 | 失调−社会地理资本制约 |
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