湖南武陵民族地区种植业生态效率的时空分异及驱动机理研究
向慧(1982—),女,湖南湘西人,副教授,博士,主要从事农业经济与区域发展研究。E-mail: xhui_123@163.com |
收稿日期: 2023-05-15
修回日期: 2023-12-02
网络出版日期: 2025-02-27
基金资助
新疆“天池英才”青年博士项目(2025QNBS010)
国家自然科学基金项目(42171213)
国家自然科学基金项目(42371288)
版权
Spatio-temporal pattern and driving mechanism of agricultural ecological efficiency for planting industry in the Wuling ethnic area of Hunan
Received date: 2023-05-15
Revised date: 2023-12-02
Online published: 2025-02-27
Supported by
“Tianchi Talents” Young Doctoral Program in Xinjiang(2025QNBS010)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171213)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42371288)
Copyright
结合DEA-SBM模型、碳排放评估模型、面源污染测算方法、GIS空间分析技术和地理探测器模型,动态刻画湖南武陵民族地区37个县域种植业生态效率的时空分异,解析其驱动机理。结果表明:① 2010―2020年湖南武陵民族地区种植业生态效率低等级的行政单元不断向高等级转化,其等级结构不断优化;② 区域种植业生态效率总体东高西低,东西及南北方向的变化均较为缓和,并呈“中心–外围”式分布特征;③ 区域种植业生态效率演变受到多种因子的综合作用,自然条件是影响其格局及演变的基础,农业技术是其演变的牵引力,农业经济发展的影响具有两面性,产品市场则起着决定性的作用;④ 区域未来种植业发展应当关注碳排放问题,并注重发挥相对发达地区的辐射与带动作用。
向慧 , 彭保发 , 伍铁牛 , 张浩哲 , 付冬暇 , 杨庆媛 . 湖南武陵民族地区种植业生态效率的时空分异及驱动机理研究[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(2) : 349 -363 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20230470
Planting industry in China is in a critical period of transitioning from a production-oriented to a quality-oriented presently. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation and driving mechanisms of ecological efficiency in planting industry, such as achieving agricultural quality and efficiency improvement, promoting its economic ecological coordinated development, and enhancing people’s well-being. DEA-SBM model, carbon emission model, non-point pollution method, spatial analysis technology of GIS and geographical detector model were used in this study, and the conclusions were as follows: 1) From 2010 to 2020, 3 trends of increasing, decreasing, and stabilizing coexisted in the input, and an upward trend in the expected output, while increasing and decreasing trends in non-expected output. The administrative units with low levels of ecological efficiency for planting industry continuously transformed to higher levels, and the hierarchical structure was optimizing; 2) The ecological efficiency for planting industry was higher in the east and lower in the west, and the “upward” and “unchanged” regions alternated from east to west. The changes of ecological efficiency in the east-west and north-south were mild, there were multiple core areas and had a “center-periphery” feature; 3) The ecological efficiency for planting industry in the study area was influenced by multiple factors. Natural conditions are the foundation to affect its pattern and evolution, agricultural technologies are the driving forces, the impact of agricultural economic development has 2 sides, and the product market plays a decisive role; 4) In the future, the planting industry in the study area should focus on the issue of carbon emissions, improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural chemicals, strengthen environmental education and pay attention to the radiation and driving role of the central areas. This study has used indicators such as geographical indications of agricultural products and green foods that reflect the contemporary characteristics of the planting industry to improve the existing evaluation system. It helps to improve the research methods and techniques, provide scientific basis for optimizing agricultural policies, and assist in the strategies of rural revitalization and agricultural high-quality development.
表1 种植业生态效率的评价指标体系Table 1 Evaluation index system of ecological efficiency for planting industry |
一级指标 | 二级指标 | 指标解释 |
投入变量 | 劳动力投入(X1) | 农业从业人员数/万人 |
土地投入(X2) | 耕地面积/103hm2 | |
化肥投入(X3) | 化肥施用量/t | |
农药投入(X4) | 农药使用量/t | |
柴油投入(X5) | 农用柴油使用量/t | |
农膜投入(X6) | 农膜使用量/t | |
机械投入(X7) | 农业机械总动力/kW | |
灌溉投入(X8) | 耕地灌溉面积/103hm2 | |
期望产出变量 | 粮食作物产出(Y1) | 粮食作物总产量/t |
经济作物产出(Y2) | 经济作物总产值/万元 | |
农产品地理标志数量(Y3) | 农产品地理标志数量 | |
绿色食品数量(Y4) | 绿色食品数量 | |
非期望产出变量 | 种植业碳碳排放(Z1) | 化肥、农药等的碳排放/t |
种植业化肥污染(Z2) | 化肥流失量/t | |
种植业农药污染(Z3) | 农药残留量/t |
表2 种植业生态效率的影响因素Table 2 Impact factors of ecological efficiency for planting industry |
类型 | 指标 | 单位 |
自然条件 | 高程(u1) | m |
坡度(u2) | (°) | |
农业技术 | 农村人均中低产田年内改良面积(u3) | 103hm2 |
农村人均秸杆还田面积(u4) | 103hm2 | |
农业经济 | 第一产业比重(u5) | % |
农村居民人均可支配收入(u6) | 元 | |
产品市场 | 人口密度(u7) | 人/km2 |
城镇化率(u8) | % |
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〉 |