试论中国耕地增减的地理分界线:40°N
谈明洪(1970—),男,江苏涟水人,研究员,博导,主要从事土地利用变化研究。E-mail: tanmh@igsnrr.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-11-02
修回日期: 2024-03-24
网络出版日期: 2025-04-29
版权
Analysis of geographical dividing line of cropland changes in China: 40°N
Received date: 2023-11-02
Revised date: 2024-03-24
Online published: 2025-04-29
Copyright
随着社会经济的迅猛发展,中国耕地变化呈现出显著的区域分异特征,研究此分异特征对把握未来耕地变化趋势、因地制宜制定耕地保护政策和提高政策的实施效果都非常重要。利用遥感影像解译的土地利用图、全国国土调查成果等多种数据源,分析了1990—2020年中国耕地的空间格局变化,并提出中国耕地增减的地理分界线:40°N线,即古代的农牧业分界线。在过去30 a,耕地变化在此线南北两侧呈现出截然相反的趋势:北侧(古代牧区)呈快速增长的态势,南侧则相反,呈减少趋势。耕地减少最快的地区主要分布在由东南沿海和(中国地势)二级阶梯的南段共同构成的“马蹄形”区域。最后,系统分析了引起40°N线南北两侧耕地变化的驱动因素,并提出相应的政策建议。
谈明洪 , 闫紫艳 , 李秀彬 , 徐晓凡 , 黄振宇 . 试论中国耕地增减的地理分界线:40°N[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(5) : 941 -949 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20231034
Changes in cropland are affected or restricted by natural resource endowment, economy, society, technology and other factors, and are a comprehensive index reflecting the change of human-land relationship. With the rapid development of society and economy, the changes of cropland in China present significant regional differentiation characteristics. Studying the characteristics is very important for grasping the future development trend of cropland, formulating cropland protection policies according to local conditions, and improving the implementation effect of policies. Based on land use maps interpreted by remote sensing images and national land survey data, this paper analyzes the spatial changes of cropland in China in the past 30 years, and proposes the geographical dividing line of cropland increase and decrease in China: 40°N. In the north and south sides of this line, the changes of cropland showed an opposite trend. According to the national Land survey, from 2009 to 2019, cropland in the south decreased by 14.5% and increased by14.0% in the north. And the proportion of cropland in the north of the total cropland area in the whole country increased from 31.5% in 2009 to 38.1% in 2019, which significantly increased its importance in China’s agricultural production. The fastest reduction of cropland in the south is mainly distributed in the southeast coast and the southern section of the second stage, which is a “horseshoe” area. Finally, this paper systematically analyzes the causes of cropland change on both sides of the north and south, and puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions on cropland use. In arid and semi-arid areas of China with better irrigation conditions, drip irrigation technology should be widely adopted, and water-fertilizer integration should be implemented to tap the potential of existing cropland. In the “horseshoe” area, due to the occupation of construction land and the adjustment of agricultural structure, the speed of the reduction of cultivated land is fast, and the policy aim of balancing the total cropland in this area has been difficult to achieve, so the policy of protecting cropland should be adjusted correspondingly. In the south of the 40°N line, especially in the north China Plain and inside the “horseshoe” area, priority should be given to protecting high-quality, flat farmland suitable for large-scale operations for grain production, strictly controlling the expansion and occupation of construction land and non-grain agricultural land, and preventing the fragmentation of cropland.
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