神农架林区生态旅游地游客时空行为特征及模式聚类
阴姣姣(1994—),女,河南灵宝人,博士后,主要从事旅游地理研究。E-mail: 1290344841@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2024-05-17
修回日期: 2024-08-16
网络出版日期: 2025-04-29
版权
Cluster analysis of tourists’ spatio-temporal behavioralcharacteristics and patterns in ecotourism sites in Shennongjia Forest Region
Received date: 2024-05-17
Revised date: 2024-08-16
Online published: 2025-04-29
Copyright
选取神农架林区为典型案例地,基于游客自我报告的活动细分法对游客类型进行划分,综合运用格网分析、行为链分析等方法分析各类型游客的时空行为特征,并采用K-Means算法对游客的时空行为模式进行聚类。研究结果显示:①神农架游客可划分为自驾、骑行、徒步、观光和摄影、滑雪、登山、越野跑、其他8种主要类型,日内活动时段集中,春夏两季游客多且假期效应显著,登山及徒步类型游客在生态保护区中停留的时间更长;②不同于传统景区游客的高度集中分布,分类视角下游客“分散集中”及“异中心化”的特点十分突出,流动结构呈现出“沿道路生长”和“小区域组团”的特征;③游客的时空行为模式可分为“热点打卡观景游”“丛林穿越深度游”和“休闲度假短线游”3种类型,其中丛林穿越深度游中深入尚未开发的生态保护区的游客轨迹占比高达39.82%,亟需作出策略性应对。
阴姣姣 , 谢双玉 , 乔花芳 , 徐欣 , 陈广平 . 神农架林区生态旅游地游客时空行为特征及模式聚类[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(5) : 1083 -1092 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20240475
Ecotourism destinations face the critical challenge of balancing the provision of high-quality tourism experiences for diverse tourist types with the scientific management and optimization of their spatio-temporal behaviors to minimize environmental disturbances. This study aims to advance the precision management of tourists by categorizing and analyzing their spatio-temporal behavior characteristics, thus developing a more nuanced understanding of tourist management. The Shennongjia Forest Region, renowned for its diverse ecological landscape and significant tourism activity, is selected as the representative case site for this study. Tourists are classified based on their self-reported activities using activity segmentation methods, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding varied tourist behaviors. Employing grid analysis, behavioral chain analysis, and other advanced methodologies, the study analyzes the characteristics of tourists’ spatio-temporal behaviors. The K-Means algorithm is utilized to cluster tourists’ spatio-temporal behavior patterns, facilitating the identification of distinct behavioral groups. The research findings provide several key insights. Firstly, tourists in Shennongjia can be categorized into eight primary types: self-driving, cycling, hiking, sightseeing and photography, skiing, mountaineering, trail running, and others. These activities are concentrated within specific daily periods, with higher visitor numbers observed in spring and summer, significantly influenced by holiday seasons. Notably, mountaineering and hiking tourists tend to spend more time in ecological protection areas, indicating potential risks for these sensitive regions. Secondly, unlike the highly concentrated distribution of traditional scenic area tourists, the classification perspective highlights prominent characteristics of “dispersed concentration” and “decentralization”. The flow structure exhibits features of “growth along roads” and “small area clusters”, suggesting that tourist activities are not confined to traditional hotspots but are distributed across various segments of the landscape. Thirdly, tourists’ spatio-temporal behavior patterns can be categorized into three types:“hotspot sightseeing tours”“in-depth jungle trekking tours”, and “leisure vacation short tours”. Within the in-depth jungle trekking tours, a significant proportion of tourists (39.82%) penetrate undeveloped ecological protection areas, underscoring the urgent need for strategic management responses to protect these vulnerable regions. The research findings enhance theoretical perspectives on the spatio-temporal behaviors of tourists in ecotourism destinations by providing a detailed understanding of how tourists interact with the environment across different activity types. Additionally, they provide a robust theoretical foundation for the precise management of large-scale mountainous ecotourism areas. By offering actionable insights into tourists’ behaviors, this study contributes to the development of strategies that balance high-quality tourism experiences with the preservation of ecological integrity. The insights from this research are crucial for ensuring the sustainable development of ecotourism destinations like the Shennongjia Forest Region, where careful management of tourist behaviors is essential to maintaining the ecological and aesthetic value of these natural landscapes.
表1 游客时空行为模式的聚类要素设置Table 1 Clustering factors for tourists’ spatio-temporal behavior patterns |
聚类维度 | 具体要素 | 要素说明 |
时间要素 | 开始时间(时:分:秒) | 用户移动设备记录的行程开始的时间,换算为秒(s) |
结束时间(时:分:秒) | 用户移动设备记录的行程结束的时间,换算为秒(s) | |
出行时长/h | 游客在区域内花费的所有时间之和 | |
空间要素 | 路径长度/km | 用户移动设备记录的轨迹长度 |
行为链个数/个 | 时空轨迹所经过的重要景观节点的数量 | |
活动要素 | 到访主要景点情况 | 是否到访神农架的主要景点,是=1,否=0 |
游客类型 | 游客的类型,徒步=1,自驾=2,骑行=3,观光和摄影=4,滑雪=5, 登山=6,越野跑=7,其他=8 |
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