中国数字技术创业的时空格局及其影响因素研究
翟庆华(1986—),男,辽宁铁岭人,副教授,博士,主要从事创业管理和创业地理研究。E-mail: qhzhai@re.ecnu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-09-25
修回日期: 2024-03-20
网络出版日期: 2025-04-30
版权
Spatial-temporal pattern and impact factor of digital technology entrepreneurship in China
Received date: 2023-09-25
Revised date: 2024-03-20
Online published: 2025-04-30
Copyright
本文在城市尺度下,运用核密度分析、标准差椭圆等方法分析了中国数字技术创业的时空格局。同时,应用面板数据建立了空间杜宾模型以探讨数字技术创业的影响因素。研究发现:①自2008年以来,中国数字技术创业持续蓬勃发展,其空间分布呈现出“东强西弱、中部崛起”和“小集聚大分散”的特征。不同类型的数字技术创业不断从东部向中西部地区扩散。②中国数字技术创业的区域重心自东北向西南移动。③数字用户规模、风险投资、政府科技支持强度、数字基础设施水平、知识厚度、市场规模等因素对数字技术创业的发展产生积极影响,且不同影响因素的作用强度和相对重要性在不同区域存在差异。同时,不同类型的数字技术创业对各影响因素的依赖程度并不相同,并且存在着区域差异。
翟庆华 , 刘松雯 , 胡小梅 , 苏靖 . 中国数字技术创业的时空格局及其影响因素研究[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(5) : 988 -1001 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20230905
The role of digital technology entrepreneurship in the high-quality development of regional economies is becoming increasingly significant. The locational choice has emerged as a critical issue in current regional development, however, there is limited researches on the nationwide spatial-temporal distribution of digital technology entrepreneurship. This paper employed methods such as kernel density analysis and standard deviation ellipses to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of digital technology entrepreneurship in China at the urban scale. Simultaneously, a spatial Durbin model was established using panel data to explore the influencing factors of digital technology entrepreneurship. The results show that: 1) Since 2008, China’s digital technology entrepreneurship has been developing continuously, and its spatial distribution shows the characteristics of “east is strong, west is weak, and center is rising”, and “small agglomeration and large dispersion”. Different types of digital technology entrepreneurships are continuously dividing upward spread from the east to the central and western regions. 2) The regional gravity of digital technology entrepreneurship in China is moving from northeast to southwest. 3) Factors such as the scale of digital users, venture capital, government scientific and technical support, digital infrastructure level, knowledge thickness, and market size have positive impacts on the development of digital technology entrepreneurship, and the intensity and relative importance of the different influencing factors are different in different regions. At the same time, different types of digital technology entrepreneurship exhibit varying degrees of dependence on each influencing factor, with regional differences also present.
表1 指标选取及数据来源Table 1 Index selection and data sources |
解释变量 | 符号 | 指标 | 数据来源 |
数字用户规模 | use | 互联网宽带接入用户数除以常住人口 | 《中国城市统计年鉴》、各省市区统计年鉴 |
数字基础设施 | inf | 宽带中国试点城市赋值为1, 反之赋值为0 | 工业和信息化部及发展和改革委员会 |
知识厚度 | kno | 每万人发明专利申请数量 | 各省市区统计年鉴、《中国城市统计年鉴》 |
创业文化 | ec | 区域创新创业指数 | 北京大学企业大数据研究中心 |
投资环境 | vcp | 城市风险投资金额 | Wind数据库 |
市场规模 | mar | 人均GDP | 各省市区统计年鉴、《中国城市统计年鉴》 |
人力资本 | hum | 全市普通本专科在校学生数 | 各省市区统计年鉴、《中国城市统计年鉴》 |
政府科技支持强度 | gov | 政府科技支出占财政支出比重 | 《中国科技统计年鉴》、各省市区统计年鉴、 各省市科技统计公报 |
表2 2008年、2013年、2018年和2022年4类数字技术创业情况Table 2 4 types of digital technology entrepreneurship in 2008, 2013, 2018 and 2022 |
指标 | 2008年 | 2013年 | 2018年 | 2022年 | 指标 | 2008年 | 2013年 | 2018年 | 2022年 | |||
数字产品 制造行业 | 企业数量 | 76 | 115 | 425 | 760 | 数字技术 应用行业 | 企业数量 | 199 | 236 | |||
城市数量 | 37 | 55 | 106 | 154 | 城市数量 | 27 | 41 | 163 | 204 | |||
变异系数 | 0.91 | 1.13 | 3.05 | 1.47 | 变异系数 | 1.98 | 2.20 | 2.42 | 3.08 | |||
Moran’s I | −0.015 | 0.358*** | 0.373*** | 0.272*** | Moran’s I | −0.092 | −0.04 | −0.04*** | −0.03 | |||
数字产品 服务行业 | 企业数量 | 18 | 15 | 59 | 138 | 数字要素 驱动行业 | 企业数量 | 87 | 135 | |||
城市数量 | 14 | 9 | 30 | 39 | 城市数量 | 25 | 36 | 123 | 155 | |||
变异系数 | 0.64 | 0.67 | 1.21 | 2.18 | 变异系数 | 1.21 | 1.43 | 2.68 | 2.06 | |||
Moran’s I | −0.11 | −0.35 | 0.129* | / | Moran’s I | −0.10 | −0.14* | −0.029 | −0.01 |
注:* P<0.1,*** P<0.01,/表示计算结果无意义,港澳台数据暂缺。 |
表3 中国数字技术创业分布的影响因素的估计结果Table 3 Estimated results of influencing factors of digital technology entrepreneurship in China |
变量 | 模型(1) | 模型(2) | 模型(3) | 模型(4) | 模型(5) | 模型(6) | 模型(7) |
use | 0.002 | 0.141* | 0.160** | 0.028 | 0.443*** | 1.939*** | −0.075 |
vcp | 0.304*** | 0.275*** | 0.297*** | 0.165*** | −0.457*** | 0.046 | 0.346* |
ec | −0.251*** | −0.233*** | −0.226*** | − | −0.080 | −4.700*** | −0.986*** |
gov | 0.148** | 0.133* | 0.145** | 0.077*** | 0.035* | 0.018** | 0.103* |
inf | 0.260*** | 0.231*** | 0.291*** | 0.214*** | 0.054 | 1.981*** | 0.576*** |
kno | 0.588*** | 0.796*** | 0.566*** | 0.263** | 0.086 | 8.652*** | − |
hum | −0.240 | −0.420 | −0.528 | 0.738** | 0.744** | 2.234*** | −1.201 |
mar | 0.137 | 0.218** | 0.219** | 0.124 | −0.097 | 1.544** | 0.59** |
Wx×use | −1.338*** | −1.108*** | −0.684*** | −3.122* | −2.301*** | ||
Wx×vcp | 0.459 | 0.524* | −0.186 | 2.543 | 1.591 | ||
Wx×ec | −0.350 | −0.641** | 0.144 | −0.149 | −1.000 | ||
Wx×gov | 0.381 | −0.056 | −0.147 | −1.973 | 1.497 | ||
Wx×inf | 1.068*** | 1.078*** | 0.697*** | 3.238* | 1.459** | ||
Wx×kno | −3.548*** | −3.96*** | −2.032*** | −28.783*** | −12.366*** | ||
Wx×hum | 3.496** | 3.933** | 1.212 | 29.777** | 2.919 | ||
Wx×mar | −0.126 | −0.201 | −0.294 | 7.471*** | 2.970*** | ||
Spatial:rho | 0.907*** | 0.886*** | 0.897*** | 0.007 | 0.289*** | 0.304*** | |
R2 | 0.228 | 0.235 | 0.096 | 0.112 | 0.008 | 0.053 | 0.057 |
注:*** P<0.01, ** P<0.05, * P<0.1;变量含义见表1,Wx示为变量的空间滞后项,样本数为4 455;港澳台数据暂缺;空白为无此项。 |
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