海南岛人口城镇化及其影响因素的时空分异研究
陈妍(1990—),女,吉林抚松人,副教授,博士,研究方向区域经济和城乡规划。E-mail: cheny662@nenu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2024-02-26
修回日期: 2024-05-04
网络出版日期: 2025-07-18
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42301279)
国家自然科学基金项目(42261054)
版权
Spatio-temporal variability in evolution of population urbanization and influencing factors in Hainan Island
Received date: 2024-02-26
Revised date: 2024-05-04
Online published: 2025-07-18
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42301279)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42261054)
Copyright
缩小户籍人口和常住人口城镇化背离差距是新型城镇化提质升级的关键,也为理解户籍制度下人口城镇化内涵提供新视角。本文从户籍人口和常住人口城镇化对比视角分析2000—2022年海南岛人口城镇化进程与特征,利用时空地理加权方法探究经济、服务、环境、保障、文教等因素对人口城镇化影响的时空分异。结果发现:①海南岛人口城镇化进程中异质非同步性突出,常住人口城镇化过程与全国水平走势一致,但户籍人口城镇化背离不断加剧;空间上形成海口、三亚2个极点,四周高、中间低,北部高于南部的格局。②经济发展、基础设施、宜居环境、民生保障、文化科教均对人口城镇化进程起到促进作用,然而就业能力、交通水平、社会保障等依然面临挑战,对外开放、科学技术、生活环境和教育水平等是造成南北、沿海与中部地区间差异的主要因素。③各因素随时间和空间发生阶段性变化,自由贸易港建设中加快户籍制度改革、提高公共服务供给能力、实施地区差异化发展等是解决海南岛经济发展与公共服务不同步、人口城镇化背离等问题的主要途径。
陈妍 , 张金萍 , 程叶青 . 海南岛人口城镇化及其影响因素的时空分异研究[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(7) : 1512 -1523 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20240109
A comparative study of the urbanization of the registered population and the urbanization of the permanent population can precisely reflect the social problems such as the comprehensive level of social economy, environmental construction of residents’ settlement, the development of local industries and social services, and the utilization of administrative resources at a smaller scale. Narrowing the gap between the urbanization of household and resident population is the key to the quality and upgrading of new urbanization, and it also provides new perspectives for understanding the connotation of population urbanization under the household registration system. Based on the conceptual connotation of population urbanization, this article analyzes the process and characteristics of population urbanization in Hainan Island from the perspective of comparing the urbanization of household registration population and resident population from 2000 to 2022, and explores the spatial and temporal variations in the impact of economic development, infrastructure, livable environment, social services, cultural and technical levels on population urbanization using the spatio-temporal geographic weighting method. The results found that: 1) Hainan Island population urbanization process of heterogeneous asynchrony is prominent, the resident population urbanization process and the national level of the same trend, but the household population urbanization deviation is increasing; spatial formation of the “North Haikou and South Sanya” two poles, the coastal higher than the central pattern. 2) Economic development, infrastructure, livable environment, livelihood protection, culture, science and education all contribute to the urbanization process of the population, however, industrial employment capacity, transportation, social security and other challenges are still faced, and opening up to the outside world, scientific and technological inputs, livable environment and education configuration are the main factors causing the differences between the north and south, and the central coastal areas. 3) Each factor changes in stages over time and space, and accelerating the reform of the Hukou, improving the capacity of public service provision, and implementing regional differentiated development in the construction of the Free Trade Port are the main ways to solve the problems of asynchrony between economic development and public services, and the deviation of population urbanization on Hainan Island.
表1 海南岛人口城镇化的影响因素指标体系Table 1 Influencing factors of population urbanization in Hainan Island |
目标层 | 准则层 | 指标层 | 指标意义 |
经济发展 | 发展水平PGDP | 人均国内生产总值 | 经济发展的综合水平 |
特色产业VAPI | 第一产业增加值 | 重点产业升级发展 | |
就业能力OAC | 非国营就业人数比重 | 就业市场活跃和包容程度 | |
基础设施 | 医疗水平HC | 卫生健康机构数量 | 医疗卫生普及程度 |
教育水平EL | 中小学师生比 | 基础教育普及程度 | |
交通水平TL | 客流运输量 | 基础设施配置水平 | |
宜居环境 | 开敞空间OS | 建成区绿化面积 | 人居生活环境改善水平 |
生态保护EP | 造林面积 | 生态环境发展的投入和改善 | |
生活环境LE | 生活垃圾无害化处理率 | 居住环境的绿色化 | |
民生保障 | 生活质量QOL | 平均工资收入 | 居民生活收入水平 |
社会保障PW | 医疗、失业和养老保险人数 | 居民社会福利保障 | |
休闲娱乐RN | 饭店数量 | 旅游休闲娱乐配置水平 | |
文化科教 | 文化素质CQ | 高中及以上学历人口数 | 人口文化素质水平 |
对外开放FDI | 外商直接投资额 | 对外开放与资源开发程度 | |
科学技术ST | 科教支出占财政支出比重 | 科技创新发展能力 |
表2 海南岛人口城镇化时空地理加权回归参数结果Table 2 Parameters result of GTWR of population urbanization in Hainan Island |
参数 | 带宽 | 残差平方和 | 调整后残差平方和 | 赤池信息准则校正 | 时空距离比 |
户籍人口城镇化率 | 0.140 | 0.691 | 0.872 | –1186.440 | 1.972 |
常住人口城镇化率 | 0.127 | 0.936 | 0.893 | –1106.060 | 3.228 |
图3 2000—2022年海南岛户籍人口城镇化影响因素作用的时间变化Fig. 3 Influencing factors temporal changes of registered population urbanization in Hainan Island in 2000—2022 |
图4 2000—2022年海南岛常住人口城镇化影响因素作用的时间变化Fig. 4 Influencing factors temporal changes of permanent population urbanization in Hainan Island in 2000—2022 |
图5 2000—2022年海南岛户籍人口城镇化影响因素作用的空间分布Fig. 5 Influencing factors distribution of registered population urbanization in Hainan Island in 2000—2022 |
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