能源贫困研究进展:生成逻辑和地方效应
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黄曼丽(1999—),女,湖南湘阴人,博士研究生,主要从事能源地理和社会文化地理研究。E-mail: 1483957284@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2024-09-22
修回日期: 2025-03-27
网络出版日期: 2025-11-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42271240)
国家自然科学基金项目(42401283)
版权
Progress and prospects of research on energy poverty: Generative logic and place effects
Received date: 2024-09-22
Revised date: 2025-03-27
Online published: 2025-11-10
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271240)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42401283)
Copyright
能源贫困是21 世纪全球人类面临的严峻挑战,是发达国家和发展中国家共同面临的重要难题,消除能源贫困已被列入联合国可持续发展目标。能源贫困研究长期由自然科学、工程科学和经济统计学主导,但能源贫困不仅是技术和经济问题,还是具有鲜明地理空间属性的政治、文化、社会和区域问题。本文回顾并对比国内外地理学视角下能源贫困的研究进展,从生成逻辑、识别测量、应对策略和地方效应4大方面系统梳理能源贫困的主要研究议题。结果表明:能源贫困的解释框架主要来源于能源交叉性方法、能源文化框架、能源脆弱性和能源正义理论,四者综合构成能源贫困的生成逻辑框架;能源贫困识别与测量面临区域差异、数据获取、指标设置的挑战;政策和权力与能源贫困存在复杂的双向反馈机制;能源贫困对物质景观、地方身份和社会情感具有再造和重构效应。结合中国实际,本文还探讨了能源贫困研究对实现“双碳”目标、能源转型和共同富裕的重要价值。
黄曼丽 , 陶伟 . 能源贫困研究进展:生成逻辑和地方效应[J]. 地理科学, 2026 , 46(1) : 79 -91 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20241071
Energy poverty is a serious challenge facing mankind globally in 21 century and an important problem faced by both developed and developing countries. How to eliminate energy poverty has been included in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Energy poverty research has long been dominated by natural sciences, engineering sciences, and economic statistics, but energy poverty is not only an engineering and economic issue but also a political, cultural, social, and regional issue with distinct geospatial attributes. Geography, with its unique spatial perspective and the advantages of comprehensive, regional, and cross-disciplinary thinking, is not only able to draw a multi-scale spatiotemporal map of energy poverty but also to explore the influencing factors of energy poverty and the political-spatial practices of multiple subjects in a specific space and time. This paper utilizes bibliometric methods to review and compare research progress on energy poverty from a geographical perspective both domestically and internationally and systematically categorize the main research topics of energy poverty from 4 aspects, namely, generative logic, identification and measurement, influencing mechanisms, and local effects. The results show that: 1) The explanatory framework of energy poverty is mainly explained by energy intersectionality, the energy cultural framework, energy vulnerability, and energy justice theory, which together constitute the framework of generative logic in energy poverty. The intersectionality approach reveals mechanisms of multiple discrimination occurring at the intersection of inequality axes. The energy culture framework conceptualizes energy poverty through the interplay among technological factors, social norms, and household behaviors at the individual, local, and global scales from small to large. Energy vulnerability adds a temporal dimension to the energy culture framework by incorporating past, present, and future exposure to risk in considerations of energy poverty. Justice theory is the most widely used approach to understanding energy poverty today and is also a key research focus, including distributive justice, recognition justice, and procedural justice. 2) Energy poverty identification and measurement face challenges related to regional differences, data acquisition, and indicator setting. Research methods include objective methods, subjective methods, and composite indicators or multidimensional measurements. 3) There is a complex two-way feedback relationship between policy, power, and the mechanisms of energy poverty. Political power plays a role in the entire process of energy poverty production, alleviation, and reproduction at multiple levels and scales, involving various stakeholders, and energy poverty interacts with political power. 4) Energy poverty has a local effect of deconstruction and reconstruction on the material landscape, local identities, and social emotions. Energy poverty promotes the reconfiguration of local material landscapes in the negotiated operation of multiple social agents, influences the strengthening and reshaping of group self-identity through processes such as electrification, regional infrastructure segregation, urban renewal, and middle-class formation, involves gender norms and social divisions of labor, and generates social impacts and household quality of life impacts through indoor air temperatures, indoor air pollution, and a lack of infrastructural services, which reduces self-identity and well-being. This paper explores the value of addressing energy poverty in realizing China’s dual-carbon targets, energy transition, and common prosperity, with a view to providing a reference for the construction of the field of energy geography and related policy formulation.
表1 能源贫困识别与测量的主要研究方法及相关指标Table 1 Key research methods and related indicators for energy poverty identification and measurement |
| 方法 | 指标 | |||
| 客观方法[44] | 单一指标方法 | 工程方法 | 最低能源消耗阈值 | 能源的规格、能源效率和家庭规模 |
| 能源获取消耗最大值 | 3个层次的能源获取、4个能源使用区段 | |||
| 经济方法 | 能源预算份额方法 | 10%指数、扣除燃料成本后贫困(AFCP)指标 | ||
| 收入贫困边缘能源消费方法 | 低收入–高成本 (LIHC) 指标、两倍全国中位数指标(2M)、最低收入标准(MIS) | |||
| 收入不变能源需求方法 | 能源贫困线、能源消耗水平和收入水平 | |||
| 多项指标方法 | 能源可持续性指标 | |||
| 千年发展目标指标 | ||||
| 可持续发展能源指标 | ||||
| 多维测量方法 | 二进制 方法 | 多维能源贫困指数(MEPI)、多维能源贫困衡量方法、能源获取总量(TEA)方法、相关敏感能源贫困指数(CSEPI) | ||
| 主观方法[47] | 自我报告 | 照明、水电支付、能源购买能力、供暖设施满意度、冬季保暖 | ||
| 综合指标方法[45] | 基于不同分项指标的综合加权指数 | |||
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