数字经济赋能城市旅游业韧性的空间效应与作用机制
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吴丹丹(1993—),女,安徽宿州人,博士,讲师,硕导,主要研究方向为数字经济与文旅产业发展。E-mail: wudan9303@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-08-26
修回日期: 2025-03-20
网络出版日期: 2025-12-15
基金资助
教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(24YJCZH335)
江苏高校哲学社会科学项目(2024SJYB1517)
版权
Spatial effects and mechanism of digital economy enabling tourism industry resilience in China
Received date: 2024-08-26
Revised date: 2025-03-20
Online published: 2025-12-15
Supported by
Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund(24YJCZH335)
University Philosophy and Social Science Fund of Jiangsu(2024SJYB1517)
Copyright
文章融合多源数据构建2011—2019年中国285个地级及以上城市的面板数据集,从时空维度对数字经济与旅游业韧性之间的演变特征进行分析,并运用面板空间杜宾模型对其影响过程、区域异质性和作用机制进行实证检验。结果表明:①数字经济和旅游业韧性整体呈上升状态;前者呈东高西低的“阶梯状”格局,后者呈现“中部塌陷”的空间演变格局。②数字经济和旅游业韧性均呈现较强的空间自相关性,两者之间具有正向空间关联特征。③数字经济对旅游业韧性具有显著的本地提升效应和空间溢出效应。直接效应影响程度为:东北>东部>西部>中部,高数字经济地区>低数字经济地区;同时,中部地区因“虹吸效应”突出而呈现负向溢出效应,高数字经济地区则呈现显著的正向溢出效应。④机制检验表明,旅游创新能力和旅游市场影响力是数字经济赋能旅游业韧性提升的两大路径。
吴丹丹 , 马仁锋 , 冯学钢 . 数字经济赋能城市旅游业韧性的空间效应与作用机制[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(12) : 2586 -2599 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20240954
To effectively leverage the positive role of the digital economy in enhancing the resilience of the tourism system is crucial for ensuring the stable and long-term development of the tourism economy and achieving high-quality growth. To this end, the article integrates multi-source data to construct a panel dataset of 285 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2011 to 2019, analyzes the evolutionary characteristics between the digital economy and tourism industry resilience from the spatial and temporal dimensions, and empirically examines the influence process, regional heterogeneity, and the mechanism of action by using the panel spatial Durbin model. The research finds that: 1) The digital economy and the resilience of the tourism industry as a whole are on an upward trend, and the development gap between cities has narrowed slightly in a converging trend. In terms of spatial distribution, the former shows a “ladder-like” pattern of high in the east and low in the west, while the latter shows a spatial evolution pattern of “central collapse”. 2) Digital economy and tourism industry resilience have strong spatial agglomeration characteristics, while the two show significant positive spatial correlation. 3) The digital economy not only enhances the resilience of the local tourism industry, but also acts on neighboring cities through spatial spillover effects. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the degree of influence of the direct effect is: Northeast > East > West > Central, and high digital economy region > low digital economy region; at the same time, the Central Region shows a negative spillover effect, while the high digital economy region shows a significant positive spillover effect. 4) Mechanism tests indicate that tourism innovation capability and tourism market influence are the two major paths through which the digital economy enables tourism industry resilience. The results of the study can provide a policy basis for effectively promoting the digital transformation of multiple tourism actors at the municipal scale, improving the ability to respond to crisis events, and promoting the sustainable and high-quality development of the tourism industry.
表1 旅游业韧性指标体系Table 1 Index system of tourism industry resilience |
| 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 三级指标 | 具体指标 |
| 抵御能力 | 旅游资源禀赋 | 旅游资源丰富度 | 3A级及以上等级景区赋权 |
| 旅游经济发展 | 旅游经济收入 | 旅游总收入/亿元 | |
| 旅游市场规模 | 旅游接待总人次/万人 | ||
| 地方经济支撑 | 经济发展水平 | 人均地区生产总值/元 | |
| 产业结构升级 | 第三产业与第二产业比值/% | ||
| 恢复能力 | 旅游基础设施 | 交通运输能力 | 城市道路面积密度/% |
| 住宿接待能力 | 星级酒店数/家 | ||
| 医疗保障能力 | 医疗卫生机构床位数/张 | ||
| 旅游文化环境 | 文化事业发展水平 | 文化事业费/万元 | |
| 旅游生态环境 | 绿化覆盖面积 | 人均公园绿地面积/(m2/人) | |
| 调整能力 | 旅游产业环境 | 旅游产业结构合理化 | 旅游总收入/第三产业比重/% |
| 旅游投资水平 | 旅游投资规模 | 旅游固定资产投资额/亿元 | |
| 旅游人力资源 | 旅游就业规模 | 旅游从业者数量/万人 | |
| 更新能力 | 旅游科研投入 | 旅游研发投入强度 | 旅游总收入与地方生产总值的比重乘以科技与教育财政支出/万元 |
| 旅游人才储备 | 旅游高学历人才 | 高等院校在校学生人数/万人 | |
| 旅游对外联系 | 外贸依存度 | 进出口总额占地区GDP比重/% |
表2 数字经济综合发展水平指标体系Table 2 Index system of digital economy development |
| 准则层 | 指标层 | 变量测度 |
| 数字基础设施 | 宽带互联网普及率 | 每万人互联网宽带接入用户数/户 |
| 移动互联网普及率 | 每万人移动电话年末用户数/户 | |
| 数字产业发展 | 信息产业发展 | 计算机服务和软件从业人员占比/% |
| 电信产业发展 | 人均电信业务收入/万元 | |
| 电商产业发展 | 人均邮政业务收入/万元 | |
| 数字创新潜力 | 数字高新技术渗透 | 城市数字高新技术应用渗透程度 |
| 数字创新要素支撑 | 科学技术支出/万元 | |
| 数字技术创新水平 | 数字经济相关专利数/个 | |
| 数字普惠金融 | 数字普惠金融覆盖广度 | 数字普惠金融覆盖广度指数 |
| 数字普惠金融使用深度 | 数字普惠金融使用深度指数 | |
| 数字普惠金融数字化程度 | 数字普惠金融数字化程度指数 |
表3 空间面板杜宾模型估计结果及检验Table 3 Estimation and model recognition verification of spatial panel Durbin model |
| 变量 | SPDM模型 | 变量 | SPDM模型 | |||||
| 时间固定效应 | 个体固定效应 | 双向固定效应 | 时间固定效应 | 个体固定效应 | 双向固定效应 | |||
| 注:***、**、*分别表示0.01、0.05、0.1显著性水平;括号内为标准误统计量;涉及W的公式为空间滞后项,ρ为空间滞后项系数;DE,数字经济的综合值;Rcty,城乡融合度;Fin,金融发展水平;Mark,市场化水平;FGov,政府规制;Res,旅游资源丰富度;Rdpo,旅游潜在市场;西藏、港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||||||
| lnDE | | | | W×lnDE | − | − | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||
| lnRcty | − | | | W×lnRcty | | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||
| lnFin | | | | W×lnFin | − | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||
| lnMark | | | − | W×lnMark | | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||
| lnFGov | − | | | W×lnFGov | − | − | − | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||
| lnRes | | | | W×lnRes | − | − | − | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||
| lnRdpo | | | | W×lnRdpo | − | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||
| ρ | | | | sigma 2 _e | | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||
| R 2 | | | | 样本数 | | | | |
表4 数字经济赋能旅游业韧性的直接效应、间接效应和总效应结果Table 4 Direct effects, indirect effects and total effects of digital economy enabling tourism industry resilience |
| lnDE | lnRcty | lnFin | lnMark | lnFGov | lnRes | lnRdpo | |
| 注:***、**、*分别表示0.01、0.05、0.1显著性水平;括号内数值为标准误统计量;变量含义见表3;西藏、港澳台数据暂缺。 | |||||||
| 直接效应 | | | | − | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |
| 间接效应 | | | | | − | − | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |
| 总效应 | | | | | − | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |
表5 数字经济赋能旅游业韧性的稳健性检验结果Table 5 Results of robustness test of digital economy enabling tourism industry resilience |
| 变量 | 滞后1期估计 | 替换核心解释变量 | 替换空间矩阵 | |
| 移动互联网 | 数字金融 | |||
| 注:***、**分别表示0.01、0.05显著性水平;括号内数值为标准误统计量;西藏、港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||
| 直接效应 | | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | |
| 间接效应 | | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | |
| 总效应 | | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | |
| 控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 个体固定 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| log L | | | | |
| R 2 | | | | |
| 样本数 | | | | |
表6 数字经济赋能旅游业韧性的空间异质性计量结果Table 6 Spatial heterogeneity test of digital economy enabling tourism industry resilience |
| 变量 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | 东北 | 高数字经济发展地区 | 低数字经济发展地区 |
| 注:***、**分别表示0.01、0.05显著性水平;括号内数值为标准误统计量;西藏、港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||||
| 直接效应 | | | | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |
| 间接效应 | | − | | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |
| 总效应 | | − | | | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |
| 控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 个体固定 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| logL | | | | | | |
| R 2 | | | | | | |
| 样本数 | 927 | 576 | 756 | 306 | | |
表7 数字经济赋能旅游业韧性的中介效应检验结果Table 7 Results of mediating effect test of digital economy enabling tourism industry resilience |
| lnTIA | lnTMR | lnTMI | lnTMR | ||
| 注:***、**分别表示0.01、0.05显著性水平;括号内数值为标准误统计量;DE为数字经济的综合值,TIA为旅游创新能力,TMI为旅游市场影响力;西藏、港澳台数据暂缺。 | |||||
| 直接效应 | lnDE | | | | |
| lnTIA | | ||||
| lnTMI | | ||||
| 间接效应 | lnDE | − | | | |
| lnTIA | | ||||
| lnTMI | | ||||
| 总效应 | lnDE | | | | |
| lnTIA | | ||||
| lnTMI | | ||||
| 控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |
| 个体控制 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |
| 时间控制 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |
| R 2 | | | | | |
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