珠三角城市群新能源汽车企业的时空格局及影响因素
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李珊(1987—),女,湖北天门人,博士,副教授,硕导,研究领域为经济地理与城市地理。E-mail: lishan@gzhu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2024-08-21
修回日期: 2025-03-04
网络出版日期: 2025-12-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42301182)
国家自然科学基金项目(42301203)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515110331)
广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD23XGL076)
广东省科学院发展专项资金项目(2023GDASZH-2023010101)
版权
Spatio-temporal patterns and influencing factors of new energy vehicle enterprises in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China
Received date: 2024-08-21
Revised date: 2025-03-04
Online published: 2025-12-15
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42301182)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42301203)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110331)
Guangdong Philosophy and Social Science Foundation(GD23XGL076)
GDAS' Project of Science and Technology Development(2023GDASZH-2023010101)
Copyright
刻画2017—2021年珠三角城市群新能源汽车企业的时空格局,聚焦政府与市场双重动力揭示时空格局的影响因素,探究影响因素随时间、空间和产业链环节的变化。研究表明:①珠三角新能源汽车企业由以深圳为“单核心”向以深圳与广州为“双核心”的空间格局演进,在广佛与深莞交界区域集聚程度最高,上游“原材料”企业由深圳向广州、惠州、珠海等城市扩散,中游“核心零部件”企业一直以深圳集聚为主,下游“整车制造”企业集聚于深圳与广州并逐步向周边地区扩散,延伸“配套及后市场”企业由以深圳和广州为双核心向多热点区演变。②政府与市场共同影响珠三角新能源汽车企业时空格局,且影响程度随发展阶段、地理区位、企业所处产业链环节而变化。发展阶段上,随着时间推移,企业空间布局的影响因素由政府与市场双重动力,转向以市场力量为主导;地理区位上,珠三角东岸地区受市场动力影响更深,西岸地区则受政府作用相对更显著;产业链上,上游与中游环节主要受到市场作用,下游与延伸环节受到政府与市场力量共同影响。
李珊 , 李宇晖 , 许吉黎 . 珠三角城市群新能源汽车企业的时空格局及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(12) : 2625 -2636 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20240924
Against the backdrop of climate change, energy transition, and high-quality development, new energy vehicles (NEVs) have become an increasingly vital component of strategic emerging industries. Specifying the spatiotemporal patterns of NEV enterprises within urban agglomerations and identifying the influencing factors are basic scientific issues for facilitating the development of NEV industrial development. This paper depicts the spatiotemporal patterns of NEV enterprises in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) during 2017—2021 and examines the influencing factors through the lens of the dual dynamics of state and market. The findings indicate that: 1) The spatial pattern of NEV enterprises in the PRD has evolved from a “single-core” centered in Shenzhen to a “dual-core” centered in Shenzhen and Guangzhou, with the highest concentration in the boundary areas of Guangzhou-Foshan and Shenzhen-Dongguan. Upstream “raw material” enterprises have dispersed from Shenzhen to Guangzhou, Huizhou, and Zhuhai; midstream “core component” enterprises remain largely concentrated in Shenzhen; downstream “vehicle manufacturing” enterprises are concentrated in Shenzhen and Guangzhou and begin to spread to surrounding areas, with “supporting and aftermarket” enterprises evolving from a dual-core pattern in Shenzhen and Guangzhou to multiple hotspots. 2) Both state and market dynamics influence the spatiotemporal pattern of NEV enterprises in the PRD, with the effects on the distribution of NEV enterprises in the PRD varying across development stages, geographic locations and industry chain segments. In terms of development stages, the influencing factors of enterprise spatial layout shift from the dual drive of government and market to market forces dominance. With respect to geographic locations, the eastern PRD is more sensitive to market dynamics, while the western PRD sees a relatively more prominent role of the government. As for the industrial chain, market forces mainly affect the upstream and midstream, while the downstream and extended segments are under the dual influence of both state and market forces.
表1 珠三角新能源汽车数据库各环节的企业数量Table 1 Number of enterprises in each segment of new energy vehicle database in the PRD |
| 年份 | 全产业链/个 | 上游环节/个 | 中游环节/个 | 下游环节/个 | 延伸环节/个 |
| 2017 | | | | | |
| 2021 | | | | | |
表2 政府与市场影响下珠三角新能源汽车产业空间格局的指标体系Table 2 Indicator system of spatial distribution of NEV enterprises in the PRD under influences from the state and market |
| 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 指标解释 |
| 政府力量(5个) | 一般公共预算支出(GP) | 指国家财政将筹集起来的资金进行分配使用,以满足经济建设和各项事业的需要/万元 |
| 国有企业数量(GY) | 政府对经济的控制水平/个 | |
| 公交车站数量(BU) | 政府对公共服务设施的支撑/个 | |
| 高速公路密度(RN) | 高速公路反映政府对交通基础设施的投入/(km/km2) | |
| 开发区数量(ED) | 国家级、省级开发区数量/个 | |
| 市场力量(4个) | 民营企业数量(MY) | 市场经济的活力和创造力,市场对经济的控制水平/个 |
| 出口额(EX) | 实际出口中国国境的货物的价值总和,反映对外经济活力/万元 | |
| 社会消费品零售额(SA) | 各类批发零售业、住宿餐饮业和其他行业企业,售予城乡居民用于生活消费和社会集团用于公共消费的商品总金额/万元 | |
| 金融证券机构数量(JR) | 证券公司、保险公司、金融保险服务机构的数量/家 | |
| 控制变量(4个) | 人均生产总值(PG) | 地区所生产按人口平均计算的社会最终产品和劳务的总值/(万元/人) |
| 研发支出占比(RD) | 研究与试验发展经费支出占地区生产总值的比例/% | |
| 坡度(SL) | 地表的陡缓程度/(°) | |
| 高程(DE) | 地点相对于黄海平均海面的高度/m |
表3 2017年、2021年珠三角新能源汽车企业时空格局的影响因素及其时空分异Table 3 Heterogeneous influential factors of spatio-temporal distribution of NEV enterprises in the PRD in 2017 and 2021 |
| 变量 | 2017年(全产业) | 2021年(全产业) | ||||||
| 珠三角 | 东岸 | 西岸 | 珠三角 | 东岸 | 西岸 | |||
| 注:*、**和***分别表示5%,1%和0.1%的显著水平;括号内数值为稳健标准误差;变量含义见表2;上述线性回归模型均通过了VIF检验。 | ||||||||
| 政府力量 | GP | 0.123 | 0.223 | −0.061 | 0.160 | −0.015 | −0.209 | |
| (0.112) | (0.153) | (0.042) | (0.159) | (0.156) | (0.192) | |||
| GY | −0.385*** | −0.632*** | 0.035 | −0.163 | 0.086 | −0.045 | ||
| (0.144) | (0.084) | (0.044) | (0.155) | (0.313) | (0.087) | |||
| BU | 0.027 | −0.047 | 0.122*** | 0.119 | 0.196 | 0.160 | ||
| (0.067) | (0.063) | (0.022) | (0.119) | (0.147) | (0.176) | |||
| RN | 0.129* | 0.079 | −0.019 | 0.053 | 0.004 | −0.010 | ||
| (0.075) | (0.065) | (0.026) | (0.057) | (0.058) | (0.108) | |||
| ED | 0.059 | 0.067 | −0.030 | −0.122 | 0.012 | 0.194 | ||
| (0.057) | (0.045) | (0.024) | (0.126) | (0.068) | (0.170) | |||
| 市场力量 | MY | 0.786*** | 1.021*** | −0.140 | 0.420* | 1.339*** | 0.100 | |
| (0.216) | (0.174) | (0.088) | (0.215) | (0.196) | (0.155) | |||
| EX | 0.033 | −0.120 | 0.151*** | 0.258 | −0.058 | 0.099 | ||
| (0.112) | (0.077) | (0.026) | (0.185) | (0.151) | (0.163) | |||
| SA | −0.227** | −0.678* | 0.119*** | 0.001 | −0.241 | 0.089 | ||
| (0.087) | (0.338) | (0.039) | (0.057) | (0.364) | (0.068) | |||
| JR | 0.033 | 0.428** | 0.123* | −0.098 | −0.372** | 0.074 | ||
| (0.126) | (0.206) | (0.071) | (0.134) | (0.141) | (0.169) | |||
| 控制变量 | PG | −0.053 | −0.011 | −0.014 | 0.039 | 0.107* | −0.097 | |
| (0.061) | (0.056) | (0.017) | (0.056) | (0.053) | (0.074) | |||
| RD | 0.064 | 0.075 | 0.001 | 0.015 | −0.776 | 0.080 | ||
| (0.041) | (0.048) | (0.019) | (0.111) | (1.061) | (0.054) | |||
| SL | −0.036 | −0.136* | 0.288 | 0.195 | 0.134 | 0.316 | ||
| (0.099) | (0.067) | (0.194) | (0.158) | (0.204) | (0.475) | |||
| DE | 0.045* | 0.079** | 0.009 | 0.081 | 0.038 | −0.095 | ||
| (0.026) | (0.034) | (0.010) | (0.052) | (0.041) | (0.063) | |||
| 常数 | −0.005 | 0.083 | −0.283 | −0.251 | −0.176 | −0.267 | ||
| (0.098) | (0.068) | (0.183) | (0.172) | (0.197) | (0.428) | |||
| 样本量 | 78 | 44 | 34 | 73 | 39 | 34 | ||
| R 2 | 0.883 | 0.978 | 0.954 | 0.746 | 0.972 | 0.728 | ||
表4 珠三角新能源汽车企业时空格局的影响因素及其产业链分异Table 4 Industrial-chain-based influential factors of spatio-temporal distribution of NEV enterprises in the PRD |
| 变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | |
| 上游 | 中游 | 下游 | 延伸 | ||
| 注:*、**分别表示5%,1%的显著水平;括号内数值为稳健标准误差;变量含义见表2;上述线性回归模型均通过了VIF检验;样本量151个。 | |||||
| 政府力量 | GP | 0.161(0.109) | 0.169(0.110) | −0.021(0.159) | 0.028(0.136) |
| GY | −0.214**(0.104) | −0.224**(0.105) | −0.122(0.128) | −0.213**(0.098) | |
| BU | −0.063(0.067) | −0.006(0.062) | 0.173**(0.084) | 0.053(0.073) | |
| RN | −0.001(0.040) | −0.001(0.040) | 0.130**(0.056) | 0.080*(0.044) | |
| ED | −0.079(0.054) | −0.092*(0.053) | 0.127(0.100) | 0.071(0.076) | |
| 市场力量 | MY | 0.362*(0.215) | 0.308(0.203) | 0.663**(0.280) | 0.712**(0.288) |
| EX | 0.259**(0.120) | 0.277**(0.116) | 0.018(0.128) | 0.075(0.123) | |
| SA | −0.103(0.076) | −0.110(0.082) | 0.145(0.141) | 0.107(0.126) | |
| JR | −0.024(0.099) | 0.012(0.100) | −0.149(0.139) | −0.062(0.114) | |
| 控制变量 | PG | −0.032(0.045) | −0.027(0.044) | −0.004(0.081 | −0.018(0.066 |
| RD | −0.054(0.098) | −0.050(0.097) | 0.100(0.138) | 0.041(0.132) | |
| SL | 0.016(0.093) | −0.012(0.098) | 0.224(0.151) | 0.138(0.119) | |
| DE | 0.035(0.024) | 0.043*(0.025) | 0.010(0.024) | 0.022(0.021) | |
| 常数 | −0.023(0.096) | −0.003(0.100) | −0.256*(0.148) | −0.159(0.120) | |
| R 2 | 0.668 | 0.677 | 0.674 | 0.727 | |
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